Hosts or habitats: What drives the spatial distribution of mosquitoes?
Hosts or habitats: What drives the spatial distribution of mosquitoes?
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DOI：
10.1890/es13-00009.1
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发表时间：
2013-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Eubanks, Micky D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Burkett-Cadena, Nathan D.;McClure, Christopher J. W.;Eubanks, Micky D.
了解影响病媒分布的因素对于评估疾病跨景观传播的风险至关重要。对于蚊子，现有的空间模型仅使用生境要素（水文和植物区系）来预测疾病媒介在景观中的分布，而忽略了宿主分布的潜在重要性。利用信息论和泊松回归，验证了宿主分布比生境变量更能解释蚊虫空间分布的假设。我们分析了美国阿拉巴马州塔斯基吉国家森林28公里(2)范围内37个地点的温蚊叮咬及其宿主的丰度。我们比较了利用栖息地、宿主或两者信息建立的模型，以解释peccator库蚊和Culex territans（两种专门捕食爬行动物和两栖动物的蚊子）的丰富程度。同时使用宿主和生境信息建立的模型是两种蚊子的最佳模型，这表明关于蚊子宿主分布的信息大大改善了蚊子分布的模型。此外，当考虑到站点之间栖息地构成的差异时，发现在宿主丰度较高的位置蚊子明显更丰富。由于大多数蚊子只以有限的宿主为食，而成功取血是蚊子生命周期中最关键的瓶颈之一，因此蚊子会聚集在宿主密度最大的地区。生境影响幼虫适宜发育地点的可得性，并在一定程度上影响寄主的分布。然而，我们的分析表明，在景观中，宿主动物的分布是决定媒介空间分布的关键因素。这对于确定哪些地区人畜共患虫媒病毒风险更大具有明确和重要的意义，并且对于理解影响疾病媒介空间分布的因素具有潜在的变革性范例。
Understanding the factors that influence the distribution of vectors is critical to assess the risk of disease transmission across landscapes. For mosquitoes, existing spatial models use only habitat elements (hydrologic and floristic) to predict the distribution of disease vectors within the landscape, ignoring the potential importance of the distribution of hosts. We tested the hypothesis that the distribution of hosts would better explain the spatial distribution of mosquitoes than habitat variables using Information Theory and Poisson Regression. We analyzed the abundance of ectotherm-biting mosquitoes and their hosts from 37 points over a 28-km(2) area in Tuskegee National Forest, Alabama, USA. We compared models built using information regarding habitat, hosts, or both for their ability to explain the abundance of Culex peccator and Culex territans, two mosquito species that specialize on reptiles and amphibians. Models built using both host and habitat information were the best models for both species, suggesting that information regarding the distribution of mosquito hosts greatly improves models of mosquito distributions. Moreover, when differences in habitat makeup among stations were accounted for, mosquitoes were found to be significantly more abundant at locations with greater host abundance. Since most mosquitoes feed on only a limited range of hosts and successful blood feeding is one of the most crucial bottlenecks in the life cycle of mosquitoes, it follows that mosquitoes would aggregate in areas of greatest host density. Habitat influences the availability of suitable larval development sites, and to some extent, distribution of hosts. Our analysis, however, shows that within the landscape the distribution of host animals is a crucial factor in determining the spatial distribution of vectors. This has clear and important implications for determining which areas are at a greater risk for zoonotic arboviruses and is a potentially transformative paradigm for understanding the factors that influence the spatial distribution of disease vectors.