Artificial nighttime light changes aphid-parasitoid population dynamics.
Artificial nighttime light changes aphid-parasitoid population dynamics.
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DOI：
10.1038/srep15232
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发表时间：
2015-10-16
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Gaston KJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sanders D;Kehoe R;Tiley K;Bennie J;Cruse D;Davies TW;Frank van Veen FJ;Gaston KJ
夜间人工光（ALAN）被认为是一种广泛的和日益重要的人为环境压力对野生物种及其相互作用。然而，对这些影响如何转化为具有多种营养水平的社区的人口动态变化的理解严重缺乏。在室外围隔实验中，我们测试了ALAN对植物-蚜虫-寄生蜂群落的影响，该群落包括一种植物、三种蚜虫及其专门寄生蜂。光处理减少了20%的丰富的两个蚜虫物种超过五代，最有可能作为自下而上的效果的结果，与正在观察的豆类植物生物量的减少。对于蚜虫蚕豆蚜，这种效应在秋季条件下被逆转，光处理通过无性繁殖促进连续繁殖。所有三种寄生蜂物种的负面影响，通过减少主机数量，我们讨论诱导可能的行为变化。这些结果表明，除了对物种行为的直接影响外，ALAN的影响还可以通过食物网级联，对更广泛的生态系统产生潜在的深远影响。
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is recognized as a widespread and increasingly important anthropogenic environmental pressure on wild species and their interactions. Understanding of how these impacts translate into changes in population dynamics of communities with multiple trophic levels is, however, severely lacking. In an outdoor mesocosm experiment we tested the effect of ALAN on the population dynamics of a plant-aphid-parasitoid community with one plant species, three aphid species and their specialist parasitoids. The light treatment reduced the abundance of two aphid species by 20% over five generations, most likely as a consequence of bottom-up effects, with reductions in bean plant biomass being observed. For the aphid Megoura viciae this effect was reversed under autumn conditions with the light treatment promoting continuous reproduction through asexuals. All three parasitoid species were negatively affected by the light treatment, through reduced host numbers and we discuss induced possible behavioural changes. These results suggest that, in addition to direct impacts on species behaviour, the impacts of ALAN can cascade through food webs with potentially far reaching effects on the wider ecosystem.