Insect Conservation for the Twenty-First Century
Insect Conservation for the Twenty-First Century
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二十一世纪的昆虫保护
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发表时间：
2018
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通讯作者：
M. Samways
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作者：
M. Samways
昆虫作为一个动物群体已经取得了巨大的成功。除了地球上最咸和最冷的地区，它们主宰着所有地区的成分多样性。然而，今天昆虫正在以惊人的速度减少。就地球的毁灭而言，这是非常令人担忧的，对我们来说也是可怕的。昆虫有助于维持陆地和淡水系统、提供服务和复原力。人类的迅速发展正在挑战这种主导地位，但很少有人意识到，他们所依赖的生命结构正在以惊人的速度被破坏。如果我们要在整个世纪保持昆虫的多样性和服务，就需要采取行动，也需要新的观点。在这里，我们回顾了我们应该如何看待和采取行动，更有效地保护昆虫多样性的基础上六个主题：（1）哲学（2）研究（2）伦理基础（3）政策（policy）（4）心理学（psychology）（理解如何让人类参与昆虫保护行动），（5）实践（行动的实施），（6）验证（确定我们在保护昆虫方面做得有多好）。然后，我们概述了一些新出现的挑战和解决方案，在物种和景观操作水平的农业，林业和城市环境。列表给重要的覆盖到水平，也是重要的。国家生物多样性战略行动计划（NBSAP）对当地昆虫保护也很重要，特别是在生物多样性热点地区。《国家生物多样性战略和行动计划》除昆虫物种保护外，还涵盖广泛的生物多样性问题和目标。关于昆虫提供的服务，可在千年生态系统评估中加以说明。它提供了一个框架，包括供应，监管和文化服务。昆虫目前提供的一项重要服务是食虫，即人类食用昆虫，这在全球正日益成为主流。is biophobia生物ophobia恐惧症（a），which哪一个is intrinsic固有to us.然而，当我们克服这种恐惧因素时，我们在文化上发展了热爱生命的精神，特别是当我们在公园和花园中看到自然之美时，包括昆虫。除了生物恐惧症之外，今天的恐惧因素还有第二个组成部分，即对丧失基本服务的关切（B），特别是授粉。我们对这种服务损失的反应，以及对某些物种的热爱，正在反馈到昆虫保护中，这反过来又提高了我们的幸福感。
Insects have been immensely successful as an animal group. They dominate composi- tional diversity of all but the saltiest and coldest parts of the planet. Yet today insects are declining at a precipitous rate. This is of great concern in terms of impoverishment of Earth, and is also dire for us. Insects contribute to the maintenance of terrestrial and freshwater systems, their service delivery and their resilience. The meteoric impact of humans is challenging this dominance, yet so few people realize that the very fabric of life on which they depend is being unraveled at an alarming rate. Action is required, as are new perspectives, if we are to maintain insect diversity and services through the twenty-first century. Here, we review how we should view and act to have more effective insect diver - sity conservation based on six themes: (1) philosophy (establishing the ethical founda-tion), (2) research (the finding out), (3) policy (the framework for action), (4) psychology (understanding how to engage humans in insect conservation action), (5) practice (imple-mentation of action), and (6) validation (establishing how well we are doing at conserving insects). We then overview some emergent challenges and solutions at both the species and landscape operational levels in agricultural, forestry, and urban environments. list gives important coverage to level, are important too. National Biodiversity Strategy Action Plans (NBSAPs) are also significant for local insect conservation, especially in biodiversity hotspots. NBSAPs cover a wide range of biodiversity issues and targets besides insect species conservation. As regards services supplied by insects, these may be described under the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA). It provides a framework to include provisioning, regulating and cultural services. An important service currently being supplied by insects is entomophagy, the human consumption of insects, which is becoming increasingly mainstream globally. is biophobia (a), which is intrinsic to us. Yet when we overcome this fear factor, we culturally develop biophilia, especially when we see the beauty of nature, including insects, in our parks and gardens. Besides biophobia, the fear factor today has a second component, a concern that there is a loss of essential services (b), particularly pollination. Our reaction to this service loss, alongside biophilia for certain species, is feeding back into insect conservation, which, in turn, improves our sense of wellbeing.