Prediction of externalizing behavior problems from early to middle childhood: The role of parental socialization and emotion expression
Prediction of externalizing behavior problems from early to middle childhood: The role of parental socialization and emotion expression
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954579400001024
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发表时间：
2000-12-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Zahn-Waxler, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Denham, SA;Workman, E;Zahn-Waxler, C
本研究考察了影响学龄前儿童外化问题延续和变化的父母情绪和行为。观察到父母与他们的孩子互动，并报告了孩子的养育方式。教师、母亲和儿童报告了儿童的反社会、对立行为。外化问题在2年和4年后表现出很强的连续性。在控制了最初的问题后，积极的育儿方式(即支持性存在、明确的指导和限制设置)随着时间的推移预测行为问题较少；反之，父母的愤怒也是如此。相比之下，没有发现父母的积极情绪对改善的假设贡献。父母的贡献对那些最初的问题在临床范围内的孩子影响最大。特别是，父母的愤怒预示着随着时间的推移，问题会持续下去。父亲的影响和母亲的影响都被发现了。调查父母的情绪和父亲的包容性对于研究和干预反社会儿童很重要。
Parental emotions and behaviors that contribute to continuity and change in preschool children's externalizing problems were examined. Mothers and fathers were observed interacting with their children, and child-rearing styles were reported. Teachers, mothers, and children reported children's antisocial, oppositional behavior. Externalizing problems showed strong continuity 2 and 4 years later. Proactive parenting (i.e., supportive presence, clear instruction, and limit setting) predicted fewer behavior problems over time, after controlling for initial problems; the converse was true for parental anger. In contrast, the hypothesized ameliorative contribution of parents' positive emotion was not found. Parental contributions were most influential for children whose initial problems were in the clinical range. In particular, parental anger predicted continuation of problems over time. Paternal, as well as maternal, influences were identified. Examination of parental emotions and inclusion of fathers is important to research and intervention with young antisocial children.