A Large-Scale Identification of Direct Targets of the Tomato MADS Box Transcription Factor RIPENING INHIBITOR Reveals the Regulation of Fruit Ripening
A Large-Scale Identification of Direct Targets of the Tomato MADS Box Transcription Factor RIPENING INHIBITOR Reveals the Regulation of Fruit Ripening
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DOI：
10.1105/tpc.112.108118
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发表时间：
2013-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Ito, Yasuhiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fujisawa, Masaki;Nakano, Toshitsugu;Ito, Yasuhiro
果实成熟发育程序是特定于具有肉质果实的植物的，并且显著地改变果实特性，包括颜色、香气和质地。番茄MADS盒转录因子RIPENING INHIBITOR（RIN）是最早起作用的成熟调节因子之一，在乙烯依赖性和非依赖性成熟调节途径中均是必需的。最近的研究已经确定了24个直接的RIN靶点，但更多的RIN靶点仍有待确定。在这里，我们报告了大规模的识别直接RIN目标染色质免疫沉淀结合DNA微阵列分析（ChIP芯片），针对番茄基因的预测启动子。我们结合ChIP芯片和转录组分析确定了241个直接RIN靶基因，这些基因含有RIN结合位点，并在果实成熟过程中表现出RIN依赖的正或负调控，表明RIN具有激活和抑制作用。RIN目标的预测功能的检查显示，RIN参与番茄红素积累，乙烯产生，叶绿素降解和许多其他生理过程的调节。乙烯使用1-甲基环丙烯的影响分析表明，RIN目标的正调控子集包括乙烯敏感和不敏感的转录因子。有趣的是，乙烯在成熟过程中参与RIN表达的上调。这些结果表明，番茄果实成熟是由RIN和乙烯信号之间的相互作用调节。
The fruit ripening developmental program is specific to plants bearing fleshy fruits and dramatically changes fruit characteristics, including color, aroma, and texture. The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) MADS box transcription factor RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN), one of the earliest acting ripening regulators, is required for both ethylene-dependent and -independent ripening regulatory pathways. Recent studies have identified two dozen direct RIN targets, but many more RIN targets remain to be identified. Here, we report the large-scale identification of direct RIN targets by chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with DNA microarray analysis (ChIP-chip) targeting the predicted promoters of tomato genes. Our combined ChIP-chip and transcriptome analysis identified 241 direct RIN target genes that contain a RIN binding site and exhibit RIN-dependent positive or negative regulation during fruit ripening, suggesting that RIN has both activator and repressor roles. Examination of the predicted functions of RIN targets revealed that RIN participates in the regulation of lycopene accumulation, ethylene production, chlorophyll degradation, and many other physiological processes. Analysis of the effect of ethylene using 1-methylcyclopropene revealed that the positively regulated subset of RIN targets includes ethylene-sensitive and -insensitive transcription factors. Intriguingly, ethylene is involved in the upregulation of RIN expression during ripening. These results suggest that tomato fruit ripening is regulated by the interaction between RIN and ethylene signaling.