Starving our microbial self: the deleterious consequences of a diet deficient in microbiota-accessible carbohydrates.
Starving our microbial self: the deleterious consequences of a diet deficient in microbiota-accessible carbohydrates.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cmet.2014.07.003
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发表时间：
2014-11-04
期刊：
影响因子：
29
通讯作者：
Sonnenburg JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sonnenburg ED;Sonnenburg JL
健康人的肠道微生物群可能不等同于健康的微生物群。西方的微生物群可能实际上是生态失调的，使个体容易患上各种疾病。相对稳定的人类基因组和更具可塑性的肠道微生物组之间的不对称可塑性表明，两者之间的不相容性可能会迅速出现。西方的生活方式，包括低微生物群可获得的碳水化合物（MAC）的饮食，与传统生活方式的群体相比，选择了具有改变的成员和功能的微生物群。常驻微生物与宿主之间的相互作用导致免疫失调，这可能可以解释几种以炎症为共同基础的疾病。低MAC西方饮食导致肠道微生物群产生的短链脂肪酸（SCFA）产量低下，这通过小鼠模型中的各种机制减轻炎症。需要对现代和传统社会进行研究，并结合动物模型，以表征饮食，微生物群组成和功能之间的联系。区分最佳微生物群，增加疾病风险的微生物群，以及致病或增强疾病的微生物群，将需要进一步了解与微生物群生态失调相关的健康问题的病因和可能的治疗方法。
The gut microbiota of a healthy person may not be equivalent to a healthy microbiota. It is possible that the Western microbiota is actually dysbiotic and predisposes individuals to a variety of diseases. The asymmetric plasticity between the relatively stable human genome and the more malleable gut microbiome suggests that incompatibilities between the two could rapidly arise. The Western lifestyle, which includes a diet low in microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs), has selected for a microbiota with altered membership and functionality compared to those of groups living traditional lifestyles. Interactions between resident microbes and host leading to immune dysregulation may explain several diseases that share inflammation as a common basis. The low-MAC Western diet results in poor production of gut microbiota-generated short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which attenuate inflammation through a variety of mechanisms in mouse models. Studies focused on modern and traditional societies, combined with animal models, are needed to characterize the connection between diet, microbiota composition, and function. Differentiating between an optimal microbiota, one that increases disease risk, and one that is causative or potentiates disease will be required to further understand both the etiology and possible treatments for health problems related to microbiota dysbiosis.