Pupillometry: Psychology, Physiology, and Function.
Pupillometry: Psychology, Physiology, and Function.
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DOI：
10.5334/joc.18
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发表时间：
2018-02-21
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Mathot, Sebastiaan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mathot, Sebastiaan
瞳孔对三种不同类型的刺激做出反应：它们对亮度做出反应（瞳孔光反应），对近距离注视做出反应（瞳孔近距离反应），以及对唤醒和精神努力的增加做出反应（由外部刺激触发或自发）。在这篇综述中，我描述了这三种瞳孔反应，它们是如何与高层次的认知，以及控制它们的神经通路。我还讨论了瞳孔反应的功能相关性，也就是说，瞳孔反应如何帮助我们更好地看到世界。虽然瞳孔反应可能有许多功能，但并非所有功能都被完全理解，但一个重要的功能是优化视力的敏锐度（小瞳孔看得更清晰）和景深（小瞳孔在更宽的距离范围内看得更清楚），或者灵敏度（大瞳孔能够更好地检测微弱的刺激）;也就是说，瞳孔改变其大小以优化特定情况下的视力。在许多方面，瞳孔反应类似于其他眼球运动，例如扫视和平滑追踪：像这些其他眼球运动一样，瞳孔反应具有反射和自愿行动的特性，并且是主动视觉探索的一部分。
Pupils respond to three distinct kinds of stimuli: they constrict in response to brightness (the pupil light response), constrict in response to near fixation (the pupil near response), and dilate in response to increases in arousal and mental effort, either triggered by an external stimulus or spontaneously. In this review, I describe these three pupil responses, how they are related to high-level cognition, and the neural pathways that control them. I also discuss the functional relevance of pupil responses, that is, how pupil responses help us to better see the world. Although pupil responses likely serve many functions, not all of which are fully understood, one important function is to optimize vision either for acuity (small pupils see sharper) and depth of field (small pupils see sharply at a wider range of distances), or for sensitivity (large pupils are better able to detect faint stimuli); that is, pupils change their size to optimize vision for a particular situation. In many ways, pupil responses are similar to other eye movements, such as saccades and smooth pursuit: like these other eye movements, pupil responses have properties of both reflexive and voluntary action, and are part of active visual exploration.