Evaluations on the Consequences of Fire Suppression and the Ecological Effects of Fuel Treatment Scenarios in a Boreal Forest of the Great Xing’an Mountains, China
Evaluations on the Consequences of Fire Suppression and the Ecological Effects of Fuel Treatment Scenarios in a Boreal Forest of the Great Xing’an Mountains, China
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DOI：
10.3390/f14010085
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发表时间：
2023-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Han He;Yushan Chang;Zhihua Liu;Zaiping Xiong;Lujia Zhao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Han He;Yushan Chang;Zhihua Liu;Zaiping Xiong;Lujia Zhao
随着全球气候变暖，近年来特大森林火灾频发，对森林资源和人民构成重大威胁。如何降低森林火灾风险是森林管理中的热点问题。对灭火和森林燃料处理的担忧正在上升。很少有研究评估燃料处理的生态影响。在本研究中，我们使用Landis PRO模型模拟了大兴安岭北部森林中国的灭火后果和燃料处理的生态效应。设计了四个模拟场景，重点研究了在两种灭火策略(当前灭火策略和不灭火策略)下是否进行燃料处理。每个方案包含基于不同处理方法(减少粗木质碎屑、规定燃烧、减少粗木质碎屑加规定焚烧)、处理频率(低、中、高)和处理区域(大、中、小)的组合的9个燃料处理计划。根据火势、物种演替和森林景观格局的变化，对不同可燃物处理的生态效应进行评价，以寻求适合大兴安岭地区的可燃物管理方案。结果表明，长期灭火增加了燃料负荷，增加了发生高强度森林火灾的可能性。在降低森林火灾强度的同时，9个燃料管理计划在物种演替和森林景观格局方面没有显示出明显的差异，没有一个能够恢复历史的植被结构和组成。我们的结果为森林燃料处理在易着火的森林景观中的实际应用奠定了基础。我们建议了适合大兴安岭的燃料处理方案，处理频率低(20年)，处理面积大(10%)，减少粗木屑，加上规定的焚烧措施。
With global warming, catastrophic forest fires have frequently occurred in recent years, posing a major threat to forest resources and people. How to reduce forest fire risk is a hot topic in forest management. Concerns regarding fire suppression and forest fuel treatments are rising. Few studies have evaluated the ecological effects of fuel treatments. In this study, we used the LANDIS PRO model to simulate the consequences of fire suppression and the ecological effects of fuel treatments in a boreal forest of the Great Xing’an Mountains, China. Four simulation scenarios were designed, focusing on whether to conduct fuel treatments or not under two fire-control policies (current fire suppression policy and no fire suppression policy). Each scenario contains nine fuel treatment plans based on the combinations of different treatment methods (coarse woody debris reduction, prescribed burning, coarse woody debris reduction plus prescribed burning), treatment frequency (low, medium, and high), and treatment area (large, medium, and small). The ecological effects of the fuel treatments were evaluated according to the changes in fire regimes, species succession, and forest landscape patterns to find a forest fuel management plan that is suitable for the Great Xing’an Mountains. The results showed that long-term fire suppression increases fuel loads and the probability of high-intensity forest fires. The nine fuel management plans did not show significant differences in terms of species succession and forest landscape patterns while lowering forest fire intensity, and none of them were able to restore historical vegetation structure and composition. Our results consolidate the foundation for the practical performance of forest fuel treatments in fire-prone forest landscapes. We suggest a suitable fuel treatment plan for the Great Xing’an Mountains, with a low treatment frequency (20 years), large treatment area (10%), and coarse woody debris reduction, plus the prescribed burning measure.