Loneliness and health: Potential mechanisms
Loneliness and health: Potential mechanisms
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DOI：
10.1097/00006842-200205000-00005
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发表时间：
2002-05-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Berntson, GG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cacioppo, JT;Hawkley, LC;Berntson, GG
目的：两项使用横断面设计的研究探讨了孤独可能对健康产生有害影响的四种可能机制：健康行为。心血管激活、皮质醇水平和睡眠。方法：在研究 1 中，我们评估了自主活动。根据预先测试选出的 89 名本科生的唾液皮质醇水平、睡眠质量和健康行为在孤独感方面处于最高或最低五分之一。在研究 2 中，我们评估了 25 名老年人的血压、心率、唾液皮质醇水平、睡眠质量和健康行为，他们在居住地进行测试时评估了他们的孤独感。结果：孤独者的总外周阻力高于非孤独者，而非孤独者的心肌收缩力、心率和心输出量高于孤独者。孤独者的睡眠质量也比非孤独者差。研究 2 表明，与不孤独的老年人相比，孤独的老年人与年龄相关的血压升高幅度更大，睡眠质量更差。在这两项研究中，各组之间的平均唾液皮质醇水平和健康行为没有差异。结论：结果指出了值得特别关注的两个潜在正交的发病前机制：心血管激活和睡眠功能障碍。然而，健康行为和皮质醇调节可能需要更敏感的措施和大样本量才能辨别它们在孤独和健康中的作用。
Objective: Two studies using cross-sectional designs explored four possible mechanisms by which loneliness may have deleterious effects on health: health behaviors. cardiovascular activation, cortisol levels, and sleep. Methods: In Study 1, we assessed autonomic activity. salivary cortisol levels, sleep quality, and health behaviors in 89 undergraduate students selected based on pretests to be among the top or bottom quintile in feelings of loneliness. In Study 2, we assessed blood pressure, heart rate, salivary cortisol levels, sleep quality, and health behaviors in 25 older adults whose loneliness was assessed at the time of testing at their residence. Results: Total peripheral resistance was higher in lonely than nonlonely participants, whereas cardiac contractility, heart rate, and cardiac output Were higher in nonlonely than lonely participants. Lonely individuals also reported poorer sleep than nonlonely individuals. Study 2 indicated greater age-related increases in blood pressure and poorer sleep quality in lonely than nonlonely older adults. Mean salivary cortisol levels and health behaviors did not differ between groups in either study. Conclusions: Results point to two potentially orthogonal predisease mechanisms that warrant special attention: cardiovascular activation and sleep dysfunction. Health behavior and cortisol regulation, however, may require more sensitive measures and large sample sizes to discern their roles in loneliness and health.