The Tick Microbiome: Why Non-pathogenic Microorganisms Matter in Tick Biology and Pathogen Transmission.
The Tick Microbiome: Why Non-pathogenic Microorganisms Matter in Tick Biology and Pathogen Transmission.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcimb.2017.00236
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Duron O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bonnet SI;Binetruy F;Hernández-Jarguín AM;Duron O
蜱是影响全世界人类和其他动物的病原体的最重要媒介之一。然而，它们不仅携带病原体，因为蜱虫中还存在多种寄生和共生微生物。与病原体不同，它们的生物学及其对蜱的影响在很大程度上尚未被探索，事实上往往被忽视。尽管如此，它们可以对其蜱宿主产生多种有害、中性或有益的影响，并且可以在健身、营养适应、发育、繁殖、防御环境压力和免疫力方面发挥各种作用。非病原微生物也可能在推动蜱传病原体（TBP）传播方面发挥作用，对人类和动物健康具有许多潜在影响。此外，在研究几种细菌属的共生关系时，一些病原体与蜱虫所寄生的互利共生体的遗传接近是显而易见的。最好的例子是在立克次体属，弗朗西斯属和柯克斯体属的成员中发现的：虽然在医学和兽医学研究中，这些细菌传统上被认为是高毒性的脊椎动物病原体，但进化生态学家现在清楚地看到，许多（如果不是大多数）柯克斯体，弗朗西斯属和立克次体细菌实际上是非病原微生物，表现出互惠共生蜱共生体的替代生活方式。因此，蜱代表了一个引人注目但具有挑战性的系统，在其中研究微生物组和微生物相互作用，并调查细菌群落的组成，功能和生态意义。最终，破译蜱微生物之间的关系，以及蜱共生体的相互作用将获得宝贵的信息，这可能有助于在未来的节肢动物害虫和媒介传播的病原体传播控制策略的发展。
Ticks are among the most important vectors of pathogens affecting humans and other animals worldwide. They do not only carry pathogens however, as a diverse group of commensal and symbiotic microorganisms are also present in ticks. Unlike pathogens, their biology and their effect on ticks remain largely unexplored, and are in fact often neglected. Nonetheless, they can confer multiple detrimental, neutral, or beneficial effects to their tick hosts, and can play various roles in fitness, nutritional adaptation, development, reproduction, defense against environmental stress, and immunity. Non-pathogenic microorganisms may also play a role in driving transmission of tick-borne pathogens (TBP), with many potential implications for both human and animal health. In addition, the genetic proximity of some pathogens to mutualistic symbionts hosted by ticks is evident when studying phylogenies of several bacterial genera. The best examples are found within members of the Rickettsia, Francisella, and Coxiella genera: while in medical and veterinary research these bacteria are traditionally recognized as highly virulent vertebrate pathogens, it is now clear to evolutionary ecologists that many (if not most) Coxiella, Francisella, and Rickettsia bacteria are actually non-pathogenic microorganisms exhibiting alternative lifestyles as mutualistic ticks symbionts. Consequently, ticks represent a compelling yet challenging system in which to study microbiomes and microbial interactions, and to investigate the composition, functional, and ecological implications of bacterial communities. Ultimately, deciphering the relationships between tick microorganisms as well as tick symbiont interactions will garner invaluable information, which may aid in the future development of arthropod pest and vector-borne pathogen transmission control strategies.