Matriliny reverses gender disparities in inflammation and hypertension among the Mosuo of China
Matriliny reverses gender disparities in inflammation and hypertension among the Mosuo of China
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2014403117
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发表时间：
2020-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Reynolds;K. Wander;Chun-Yi Sum;Mingjie Su;M. Emery Thompson;Paul L. Hooper;Hui Li;M. Shenk;K. Starkweather;T. Blumenfield;S. Mattison
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文献类型：
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作者：
A. Reynolds;K. Wander;Chun-Yi Sum;Mingjie Su;M. Emery Thompson;Paul L. Hooper;Hui Li;M. Shenk;K. Starkweather;T. Blumenfield;S. Mattison
在母系社会中赋予妇女更大的自主权被认为有利于妇女的健康。在同时拥有母系和父系亚群的摩梭社会中，我们发现，与父系相比，母系社会在慢性病方面的性别差异不仅得到了改善，而且逆转了。因此，健康和慢性病方面的性别差异可直接与文化对健康的影响联系在一起，包括男女在自主权和获得资源方面的不平等。尽管女性的寿命更长，但女性的发病率比男性更高。这通常被归因于性别之间的生物差异；然而，在观察到这些差异的大多数社会中，表现出有利于男性的性别规范。我们通过比较中国的母系摩梭和父系摩梭在炎症和高血压方面的性别差异，检验了性别偏见规范改善健康性别差异的假设。广泛报道的母系摩梭人与父系摩梭人在健康方面的性别差异发生了逆转，这是因为妇女的健康状况有了很大改善，对男性没有相应的不利影响。这些发现证明，限制妇女自主权和偏向男性继承的性别规范对妇女的健康产生了不利影响，增加了妇女患慢性病的风险，对全球健康产生了巨大影响。
Significance Greater autonomy afforded to women in matrilineal societies has been hypothesized to benefit women’s health. Among the Mosuo, a society with both matrilineal and patrilineal subpopulations, we found that gender disparities in chronic disease are not only ameliorated but reversed in matriliny compared with patriliny. Gender disparities in health and chronic disease can thus be tied directly to cultural influences on health, including inequalities in autonomy and resource access between men and women. Women experience higher morbidity than men, despite living longer. This is often attributed to biological differences between the sexes; however, the majority of societies in which these disparities are observed exhibit gender norms that favor men. We tested the hypothesis that female-biased gender norms ameliorate gender disparities in health by comparing gender differences in inflammation and hypertension among the matrilineal and patrilineal Mosuo of China. Widely reported gender disparities in health were reversed among matrilineal Mosuo compared with patrilineal Mosuo, due to substantial improvements in women’s health, with no concomitant detrimental effects on men. These findings offer evidence that gender norms limiting women’s autonomy and biasing inheritance toward men adversely affect the health of women, increasing women’s risk for chronic diseases with tremendous global health impact.