Myosin II has distinct functions in PNS and CNS myelin sheath formation.

Myosin II has distinct functions in PNS and CNS myelin sheath formation.
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肌球蛋白II在PNS和CNS髓鞘形成中具有不同的功能。

DOI:
10.1083/jcb.200802091
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发表时间:
2008-09-22
影响因子:
7.8
通讯作者:
Melendez-Vasquez, Carmen V.
Melendez-Vasquez, Carmen V.
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wang, Haibo;Tewari, Ambika;Einheber, Steven;Salzer, James L.;Melendez-Vasquez, Carmen V.

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髓鞘是由神经胶质膜在轴突周围的螺旋状包裹形成的。这一过程的机制尚不清楚,但可能涉及神经胶质细胞骨架的协调变化。我们发现肌动蛋白细胞骨架动力学的关键调节因子肌球蛋白II的抑制对雪旺细胞(SC)和少突胶质细胞(OL)的髓磷脂形成有明显相反的影响。Myosin II对于SC和轴突之间的初始相互作用是必需的,其抑制或下调会损害它们分离轴突和沿轴突延长的能力,从而阻止了1:1关系的形成,这对于周围神经系统髓鞘形成至关重要。相反,OL分支、分化和髓磷脂形成通过抑制肌球蛋白II而增强。因此,通过控制肌动蛋白聚合的空间和局部激活,myosin II调节SC极化和OL分支,并通过扩展它们形成髓磷脂的能力。我们的数据表明,外周神经系统和中枢神经系统的髓鞘形成调节机制是不同的。
The myelin sheath forms by the spiral wrapping of a glial membrane around the axon. The mechanisms responsible for this process are unknown but are likely to involve coordinated changes in the glial cell cytoskeleton. We have found that inhibition of myosin II, a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton dynamics, has remarkably opposite effects on myelin formation by Schwann cells (SC) and oligodendrocytes (OL). Myosin II is necessary for initial interactions between SC and axons, and its inhibition or down-regulation impairs their ability to segregate axons and elongate along them, preventing the formation of a 1:1 relationship, which is critical for peripheral nervous system myelination. In contrast, OL branching, differentiation, and myelin formation are potentiated by inhibition of myosin II. Thus, by controlling the spatial and localized activation of actin polymerization, myosin II regulates SC polarization and OL branching, and by extension their ability to form myelin. Our data indicate that the mechanisms regulating myelination in the peripheral and central nervous systems are distinct.
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