Electro-Optic Charge Injection and Tramsport Measurements in Highly Purified Water and Water/Ethylene Glycol Mixtures
Electro-Optic Charge Injection and Tramsport Measurements in Highly Purified Water and Water/Ethylene Glycol Mixtures
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DOI：
10.1109/tei.1985.348821
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发表时间：
1985-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Zahn;Y. Ohki;K. Rhoads;M. Lagasse;H. Matsuzawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Zahn;Y. Ohki;K. Rhoads;M. Lagasse;H. Matsuzawa
使用平均场强高达 160 kV/cm 的平行平面电极，在 T= 0 至 30°C 的温度范围内，使用高纯水进行了广泛的克尔电光场测绘和电压/电流测量。对于自由空间光波长 590 nm，水 B 的克尔常数测量为 B ¿，为 3.4 至 3.6x1O-14 M/V2，并且在测量范围内随温度变化仅略有变化。光电倍增管在 10°C、633 nm 处进行测量，发现水的克尔常数 B ¿ 2.7 至 2.9x10-14 m/V2，而乙二醇的克尔常数 B ¿ -(.8 至 .9)x1O-14 m/V2 为负。水/乙二醇混合物在这些限度之间具有作为重量分数的函数的克尔常数基本上线性变化，在按重量计约79％乙二醇/21％水时具有零克尔常数。对于纯水，HV 步骤在 t=0 时没有体积电荷。对于大于 500 秒的时间，不锈钢和铜电极通常会注入正电荷，尽管在某些混合电极条件下它们会注入负电荷，铝电极仅注入负电荷，而黄铜电极可以注入正电荷或负电荷。因此，通过适当选择电极材料组合和电压极性，可以得到不带电的水、单极带负电或正电、或双极带电的水。一般来说，双极情况允许施加更高的电压而不会击穿，这可能是由于空间电荷屏蔽导致电极处的电场强度较低。
Extensive Kerr electro-optic field mapping and voltage/ current measurements have been taken with highly purified water over the temperature range of T= 0 to 30°C using parallel plane electrodes with average field strengths up to 160 kV/cm. The Kerr constant of water B was measured to be B ¿, 3.4 to 3.6x1O-14 M/V2 for free-space light wavelength 590 nm and varies only slightly with temperature over the measurement range. Photomultiplier tube measurements at 633 nm at ¿10°C found water to have a Kerr constant B ¿ 2.7 to 2.9x10-14 m/V2 while ethylene glycol had a negative Kerr constant B ¿ -(.8 to .9)x1O-14 m/V2. Water/ethylene glycol mixtures had an essentially linear variation of Kerr constant between these limits as a function of weight fractions, having a zero Kerr constant at about 79% glycol/21% water by weight . With pure water, a HV step has no volume charge at t=0. For times greater than 500 ¿s, stainless steel and copper electrodes generally inject positive charge although under some conditions with mixed electrodes they injected negative charge, aluminum electrodes only inject negative charge, while brass electrodes can inject either positive or negative charge. Thus, by appropriate choice of electrode material combinations and voltage polarity, it is possible to have uncharged water, unipolar charged negative or positive, or bipolar charged water. Generally, the bipolar case allows a higher applied voltage without breakdown, presumably due to the lower electric field strengths at the electrodes due to the space charge shielding.