SPIROPHYTON IN ALLUVIAL-TIDAL FACIES OF THE CATSKILL DELTAIC COMPLEX: POSSIBLE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF ICHNOFOSSIL DISTRIBUTION
SPIROPHYTON IN ALLUVIAL-TIDAL FACIES OF THE CATSKILL DELTAIC COMPLEX: POSSIBLE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF ICHNOFOSSIL DISTRIBUTION
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DOI：
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发表时间：
1981-09
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
M. F. Miller;K. Johnson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. F. Miller;K. Johnson
微量的螺旋藻化石产于纽约中东部泥盆纪Tully碎屑相关的冲积-潮汐相岩石中。在Tully等效物的近岸和近海沉积中没有发现这种藻类，尽管在这些相中发现了类似的Zoophycos形式，并且在下伏的Hamilton群的近海粉砂岩中发现了Spi-roophyton。在纽约以外的地区，螺旋藻出现在近岸和近海相中。只在塔利碎屑相关的冲积-潮汐粉砂岩和极细粒砂岩中发现了螺旋藻，而在近岸和近海相对应的岩石类型中没有发现螺旋藻，这表明能量和底质条件并不完全决定螺旋藻生产者的分布。Kitchell(1979)和Kitchell and Clark(1979)提出，深海遗迹的分布可能受到竞争和捕食等生态因素的控制，泥盆纪的螺旋藻可能也是如此。与其生产者被解释为竞争性地被排除在更良性的深水环境之外的r选择的机会主义者的事实一致的事实包括：1、它不存在于类似的Zoophycos丰富的正常相中，并且大量地出现在缺乏Zoophycos的边缘海相中；2、它仅限于通过与现在类似的方式，在有利于r选择物种的恶劣的不可预测的环境中沉积的岩石；3、它的产状模式和密度符合以前描述的机会性化石物种的特征。
The trace fossil Spirophyton occurs in rocks of the alluvial-tidal facies of the Devonian Tully clastic correlatives in east-central New York. It is absent from nearshore and offshore deposits in the Tully equivalents, although the similar form Zoophycos is abundant in these facies and Spi- rophyton is found in offshore siltstones of the underlying Hamilton Group. In areas other than New York Spirophyton occurs in nearshore and offshore facies. The fact that Spirophyton is found only in alluvial-tidal siltstones and very fine grained sandstones of the Tully clastic correlatives and is absent from equivalent rock types in nearshore and offshore facies suggests that energy and substrate conditions did not entirely determine the distribution of the Spirophyton producer. Kitchell (1979) and Kitchell and Clark (1979) suggested that the distribution of deep-sea traces may be controlled by ecological factors such as competition and predation, and the same may have been true for the Devonian Spirophyton. Facts consistent with the interpretation of its producer as a r-selected opportunist competitively excluded from more benign deeper water environments include: 1, it is absent from its normal facies where the similar Zoophycos is abundant and it occurs profusely locally in the marginal marine facies where Zoophycos is absent; 2, it is restricted to rocks which, by analogy with the present, were deposited in harsh unpredictable environments which favor r-selected species; and 3, the pattern of its occurrences and its densities fit previously delineated characteristics of opportunistic fossil species.