CLASSIFYING WORK IN THE NEW ECONOMY
CLASSIFYING WORK IN THE NEW ECONOMY
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DOI：
10.5465/amr.2011.0302
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发表时间：
2013-10-01
影响因子：
16.4
通讯作者：
Keller, J. R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cappelli, Peter;Keller, J. R.
全职正规就业原型模式的替代方案现在既普遍又广泛。超过五分之一的美国工人，甚至全球范围内更多的工人，现在在不同于全职常规就业的安排下从事经济工作。然而，我们大多数关于经济工作的管理和社会科学概念都是基于全职就业模式。我们对替代安排的运作和后果知之甚少，部分原因是虽然这些安排差异很大，但出于研究目的，通常使用现有的分类系统将它们分组在一起。我们概述了一个包容性的分类系统，明确区分就业及其替代方案。它还通过将工作安排分为具有共同属性和在对实践和研究重要的方面彼此不同的类别来区分替代方案本身。该分类系统基于对工作过程控制的来源和程度、工作关系的合同性质以及工作关系中涉及的各方的区分。我们的分类系统既反映了这些类别之间的法律区别，也反映了这些类别之间的法律区别。我们探索我们的系统对研究和理论发展的影响。
Alternatives to the archetypal model of full-time regular employment are now both prevalent and wide-ranging. Over a fifth of U.S. workers, and even more globally, now perform economic work under arrangements that differ from full-time regular employment. Yet most of our management and social science notions about economic work are based on the full-time employment model. We know relatively little about the operation and consequences of alternative arrangements in part because while these arrangements vary considerably, they are commonly grouped together for research purposes using existing classification systems. We outline an inclusive classification system that distinguishes clearly between employment and its alternatives. It also distinguishes among the alternatives themselves by grouping work arrangements into categories that share common properties and that are distinct from each other in ways that matter for practice and for research. The classification system is based on distinctions about the sources and extent of control over the work process, the contractual nature of the work relationship, and the parties involved in the work relationship. Our classification system is both informed by and reflects the legal distinctions among these categories. We explore implications of our system for research and theory development.