Spatial attention and response control in healthy younger and older adults and individuals with Alzheimer's disease: Evidence for disproportionate selection impairments in the Simon task
Spatial attention and response control in healthy younger and older adults and individuals with Alzheimer's disease: Evidence for disproportionate selection impairments in the Simon task
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DOI：
10.1037/0894-4105.21.2.170
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Yap, Melvin J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Castel, Alan D.;Balota, David A.;Yap, Melvin J.
作者研究了衰老和阿尔茨海默病（AD）对控制注意力能力的影响程度，当冲突出现在刺激和适当反应之间的不一致映射时。在西蒙任务的一个变体中，当刺激和反应相冲突时，健康的老年人和患有轻度或非常轻度AD的老年人的反应时间（RT）成本比健康的年轻人的反应时间成本高得多。对RT分布的分析为西蒙效应的两过程模型提供了支持，在该模型中，不相关维度在年轻人中存在短暂的瞬时效应，而在老年人中存在更持久的影响。一项错误率分析显示，患有轻度和非常轻度阿尔茨海默病的老年人在不一致的试验中犯了更多的错误，这表明阿尔茨海默病导致选择优势途径的可能性增加。为了更好地阐明健康衰老和早期AD的注意力下降，研究人员从Simon任务反应要求的特殊性出发对这些发现进行了讨论。
The authors examined the degree to which aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) influence the ability to control attention when conflict is presented in terms of incongruent mapping between a stimulus and the appropriate response. In a variant of the Simon task, healthy older adults and older adults with mild or very mild AD showed disproportionately larger reaction time (RT) costs when the stimulus and response were in conflict relative to RT costs of healthy younger adults. Analyses of RT distributions provide support for a 2-process model of the Simon effect in which there is a short-lived transient effect of the irrelevant dimension in younger adults and a more sustained influence across the RT distribution in older adults. An analysis of error rates showed that the older adults with mild and very mild AD made more errors on incongruent trials, suggesting that AD leads to increased likelihood of selecting the prepotent pathway. The findings are discussed in terms of the special nature of the response requirements of the Simon task to better illuminate the attentional decrements in both healthy aging and early stage AD.