How Populists Rule: The Consequences for Democratic Governance
How Populists Rule: The Consequences for Democratic Governance
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民粹主义者如何统治：民主治理的后果
作者：
Anna Grzymala
波兰和匈牙利是两个民粹主义政党在没有联盟伙伴的情况下执政的欧洲国家。这种不折不扣的权力意味着他们可以通过攻击反对派、分裂社会、重塑国家记忆来证明其政策的合理性，从而打击正式的问责机构法院、新闻媒体和监督机构以及非正式的民主规范（包括宽容和克制）。结果是这些后共产主义民主先驱的独裁倒退。然而，民粹主义政党仍然相对受欢迎，这在很大程度上要归功于慷慨的社会政策，如果有选择性的话。
Poland and Hungary are two European countries where populist parties govern without coalition partners. Such undiluted power has meant they could target the formal institutions of accountability—courts, news media, and oversight agencies—and the informal norms of democracy, including tolerance and forbearance, by attacking the opposition, dividing societies, and reconfiguring national memories to justify their policies. The result is the authoritarian backsliding of these post-communist democratic pioneers. Yet the populist parties remain relatively popular, largely thanks to generous, if selective, social policies.