A review of current energy systems and green energy potential in Kazakhstan
A review of current energy systems and green energy potential in Kazakhstan
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DOI：
10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.078
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发表时间：
2016-03
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
M. Karatayev;M. Clarke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Karatayev;M. Clarke
哈萨克斯坦拥有丰富的自然资源，包括煤炭，石油，天然气和铀，并拥有风能，太阳能，水力发电和生物质的巨大可再生潜力。尽管如此，该国目前仍依赖化石燃料发电。燃煤电厂占总发电量的75%，导致对温室气体排放以及对人类健康和环境影响的担忧。哈萨克斯坦最近的经济增长推动了对能源服务的需求增加，因此必须建设更多的发电能力，以实现持续的经济增长。在这方面，可再生能源正成为一个越来越有吸引力的选择，以帮助弥合供需差距和减少国家温室气体排放。本研究概述了哈萨克斯坦现有的能源系统，并调查了能源部门的政策驱动因素。我们审查现有的研究，国家报告，能源战略和计划，以确定和描述的主要障碍，防止可再生能源技术在哈萨克斯坦的传播。我们提出了克服具体障碍的潜在措施，以便在哈萨克斯坦成功发展可再生能源部门。据认为，取代化石燃料能源服务的主要因素可能是风力和太阳能技术，生物量和水力能源可能发挥较小的作用。发展的障碍包括电费低、输电损失和技术效率低、监管和法律的框架薄弱以及商业环境风险高。
Kazakhstan is rich in natural resources including coal, oil, natural gas and uranium and has significant renewable potential from wind, solar, hydro-power and biomass. In spite of this, the country is currently dependent upon fossil fuels for power generation. Coal-fired plants account for 75% of total power generation leading to concerns over greenhouse gas emissions and impacts on human health and the environment. Recent economic growth in Kazakhstan has driven increased demand for energy services, making the construction of additional generating capacity necessary for enabling sustained economic growth. In this context, renewable energy resources are becoming an increasingly attractive option to help bridge the demand–supply gap and to decrease national greenhouse gas emissions. This study presents an overview of the existing energy system in Kazakhstan and investigates policy drivers for the energy sector. We review existing studies, national reports, energy strategies and plans, to identify and describe key barriers that prevent diffusion of renewable energy technologies in Kazakhstan. We propose potential measures to overcome specific barriers in order to successfully develop a renewable energy sector in Kazakhstan. It is seen that the likely major contributors to replacing fossil fuel based energy services are likely to be wind power and solar energy technologies, with biomass and hydro energy sources likely to play a lesser role. The barriers to development include low electricity tariffs, transmission losses and inefficient technologies, weak regulatory and legal frameworks and a high-risk business environment.