Integrating Acquired Preparedness and Dual Process Models of Risk for Heavy Drinking and Related Problems
Integrating Acquired Preparedness and Dual Process Models of Risk for Heavy Drinking and Related Problems
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DOI：
10.1037/adb0000093
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Krystal, John H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Corbin, William R.;Papova, Anna;Krystal, John H.
获得性准备模型（APM）认为酒精预期是人格特质对饮酒结果的中介作用，而双过程模型（DPM）认为自上而下的行为控制（如自我控制）调节自下而上的风险因素（如酒精预期）的影响。本研究试图通过检验冲动性感觉寻求对饮酒结果的间接影响在多大程度上被自我控制所调节，从而整合APM和DPM。我们假设APM可能更适用于自控能力较强的人，因为他们饮酒的明确目的可能是为了达到寻求刺激的目标。数据来自462名参与者（年龄15-63岁，58.4%为男性），他们完成了隶属于酒精中毒转化神经科学中心的5项研究中的1项。与APM一致的是，更高水平的冲动感觉寻求与更强的积极预期相关，这反过来又导致了更严重的饮酒和相关问题。与DPM一致的是，在非依赖性饮酒者中，寻求冲动性感觉对酒精使用的间接影响只存在于自控能力强的人群中。这些发现表明，预期挑战可能对那些在酒精依赖发展之前具有高度自控能力的人最有效。然而，整合APM和DPM的未来研究应该包括内隐和外显的期望测量，以解决自我控制水平较低的个体可能更容易受到自动或内隐影响的影响，因此可能对内隐期望挑战反应良好的可能性。
The acquired preparedness model (APM) posits that alcohol expectancies mediate effects of personality traits on drinking outcomes, whereas the dual process model (DPM) suggests that top-down behavioral control (e.g., self-control) moderates the impact of bottom-up risk factors such as alcohol expectancies. This study sought to integrate the APM and DPM by examining the extent to which indirect effects of impulsive sensation seeking on drinking outcomes are moderated by self-control. We hypothesized that the APM may hold more strongly for people who are higher in self-control, as they may engage in alcohol use for the explicit purpose of meeting sensation-seeking goals. Data were from 462 participants (ages 15-63 years; 58.4% male) who completed 1 of 5 studies affiliated with the Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism. Consistent with the APM, higher levels of impulsive sensation seeking were associated with stronger positive expectancies, which, in turn, contributed to heavier drinking and related problems. Consistent with the DPM, among nondependent drinkers, indirect effects of impulsive sensation seeking on alcohol use were present only among those who were high in self-control. These findings suggest that expectancy challenges may be most effective for those with high levels of self-control prior to the development of alcohol dependence. However, future studies integrating the APM and DPM should include both implicit and explicit measures of expectancies to address the possibility that individuals with lower levels of self-control may be more influenced by automatic or implicit influences and may, therefore, respond well to implicit expectancy challenges.