Chemical characteristics of fine particles and their impact on visibility impairment in Shanghai based on a 1-year period observation.
Chemical characteristics of fine particles and their impact on visibility impairment in Shanghai based on a 1-year period observation.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jes.2016.01.022
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发表时间：
2016-10
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Min Zhou;L. Qiao;Shuhui Zhu;Li Li-Li;S. Lou;Hongli Wang;Qian Wang;S. Tao;Cheng Huang;Chang-hong Chen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Min Zhou;L. Qiao;Shuhui Zhu;Li Li-Li;S. Lou;Hongli Wang;Qian Wang;S. Tao;Cheng Huang;Chang-hong Chen
本文在上海市区对细颗粒物组分进行了为期一年的高时间分辨率观测。研究了不同成分对能见度损害的贡献。我们的研究表明，上海pm2.5的主要成分是水溶性无机离子和碳质气溶胶，分别占60%和30%左右。pm2.5中硫酸盐（SO42−）和有机碳（OC）浓度在秋季和夏季较高，而硝酸盐（NO3−）浓度在冬季和春季较高。Cl−和K+的质量浓度在冬季较高。在pm2.5污染期间，NO3−显著增加。OC中硫酸盐氧化速率（SOR）、硝酸盐氧化速率（NOR）和二次有机碳（SOC）均较高，表明上海地区光化学反应十分活跃。本研究采用IMPROVE （Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments）公式，研究了上海市各pm2.5化学成分对消光效率的贡献。nh4no3和（NH4） 2so4与上海地区能见度损害有密切关系。研究结果表明，人为SO2、nox和nh3的减少对上海市空气质量和能见度的改善有显著影响。
In this work, a one-year observation focusing on high time resolution characteristics of components in fine particles was conducted at an urban site in Shanghai. Contributions of different components on visibility impairment were also studied. Our research indicates that the major components of PM2.5in Shanghai are water-soluble inorganic ions and carbonaceous aerosol, accounting for about 60% and 30% respectively. Higher concentrations of sulfate (SO42−) and organic carbon (OC) in PM2.5occurred in fall and summer, while higher concentrations of nitrate (NO3−) were observed in winter and spring. The mass concentrations of Cl−and K+were higher in winter. Moreover, NO3−increased significantly during PM2.5pollution episodes. The high values observed for the sulfate oxidizing rate (SOR), nitrate oxidizing rate (NOR) and secondary organic carbon (SOC) in OC indicate that photochemical reactions were quite active in Shanghai. The IMPROVE (Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments) formula was used in this study to investigate the contributions of individual PM2.5chemical components to the light extinction efficient in Shanghai. Both NH4NO3and (NH4)2SO4had close relationships with visibility impairment in Shanghai. Our results show that the reduction of anthropogenic SO2, NOxand NH3would have a significant effect on the improvement of air quality and visibility in Shanghai.