Exploring blockchain for the energy transition: Opportunities and challenges based on a case study in Japan
Exploring blockchain for the energy transition: Opportunities and challenges based on a case study in Japan
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DOI：
10.1016/j.rser.2019.109488
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
Sagawa, D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ahl, A.;Yarime, M.;Sagawa, D.
在到2050年实现净零排放的压力下，能源脱碳、分散化和数字化的转型正在进行。能源系统中的物质流和信息流日益复杂和分散，使集中式结构效率低下。区块链技术被建议作为这一转变的下一步的一部分。区块链有潜力促进分布式点对点交易，降低交易成本，通过加密技术提高安全性，并为生产者提供选择。然而，区块链在能源领域的扩张还面临着多重挑战。本文认为，这些挑战的分析需要一个多角度的方法，包括技术，经济，社会，环境和制度层面。首先，根据日本基于区块链的能源系统案例对每个维度进行探索和验证。利用广泛的文献综述，讨论了将这种情况扩展到2050年的具体挑战和克服这些挑战的潜在机会。最后，建议对战略指标进行概述。本文件的结论初步表明了在多层面概览的基础上克服挑战的挑战和机遇。有人认为，在各个层面上确定的因素是相互关联的。这反过来又需要协调一致的创新管理和多利益攸关方创新生态系统。生活实验室和监管沙箱是支持这种生态系统的潜在基础，并使私营和公共部门参与者能够做出明智的决策。总的来说，建议采取全面和务实的方法可以有利于区块链在能源转型中的应用和可扩展性。
Under pressures to reach net zero emissions by 2050, there is an ongoing transition of energy decarbonization, decentralization and digitalization. Physical and information flows in energy systems are increasingly complex and distributed, leaving centralized structures inefficient. Blockchain technology is suggested as part of the next step in this transition. Blockchain has potential to facilitate distributed, peer-to-peer trading with reduced transaction costs, increased security via cryptography, and prosumer choice. However, there are as of yet multiple challenges to the expansion of blockchain in the energy sector. This paper argues that analysis of these challenges requires a multi-angled approach incorporating technological, economic, social, environmental, and institutional dimensions. First, each dimension is explored, substantiated based on a blockchain-based energy system case in Japan. Concrete challenges of scaling this case toward 2050 and potential opportunities in overcoming these challenges are discussed, leveraging extensive literature review. Finally, an overview of strategic indications is suggested. The findings of this paper present initial indications on challenges and opportunities to overcome them based on a multi-dimensional overview. It is suggested that the factors identified across the dimensions are interrelated. This would in turn call for coherent innovation management and multi-stakeholder innovation ecosystems. Living Labs and regulatory sandboxes are prospective foundations to support such ecosystems, and enable informed decision-making among both private and public sector actors. At large, it is suggested that a holistic and pragmatic approach can benefit the application and scalability of blockchain in the energy transition.