Mechanisms of ADAMTS13 regulation.

Mechanisms of ADAMTS13 regulation.
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DOI:
10.1111/jth.15873
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发表时间:
2022-12
期刊:
Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH
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其他
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重组ADAMTS13目前正在进行临床试验,用于治疗遗传性血栓性血小板减少性紫癜,这是一种由ADAMTS13缺乏引起的致命微血管疾病。临床前研究也证明了其治疗动脉血栓形成和炎症而不引起出血的疗效,这表明重组ADAMTS13作为抗血栓药物可能具有广泛的适用性。尽管取得了这些进展,但我们目前还不清楚调节ADAMTS13在体内活性的机制。ADAMTS13避开了规范的蛋白酶调节手段,因为它作为一种活性酶分泌,并且在循环中具有较长的半衰期,这表明它不受天然蛋白酶抑制剂的抑制。虽然剪切可以在空间和时间上激活血管性血液病因子来捕获循环血小板,但它也是ADAMTS13切割所必需的。因此,可能需要ADAMTS13活性的时空调控来稳定血管损伤部位的血管性血液病因子-血小板串。这篇综述概述了体内调节ADAMTS13的潜在机制,包括剪切依赖性、局部失活以及底物结合的生化和结构调节。讨论了最近发表的ADAMTS13的结构数据,这可能有助于为未来的研究提出新的假设。
Recombinant ADAMTS13 is currently undergoing clinical trials as a treatment for hereditary thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, a lethal microvascular condition resulting from ADAMTS13 deficiency. Preclinical studies have also demonstrated its efficacy in treating arterial thrombosis and inflammation without causing bleeding, suggesting that recombinant ADAMTS13 may have broad applicability as an antithrombotic agent. Despite this progress, we currently do not understand the mechanisms that regulate ADAMTS13 activity in vivo. ADAMTS13 evades canonical means of protease regulation because it is secreted as an active enzyme and has a long half‐life in circulation, suggesting that it is not inhibited by natural protease inhibitors. Although shear can spatially and temporally activate von Willebrand factor to capture circulating platelets, it is also required for cleavage by ADAMTS13. Therefore, spatial and temporal regulation of ADAMTS13 activity may be required to stabilize von Willebrand factor‐platelet strings at sites of vascular injury. This review outlines potential mechanisms that regulate ADAMTS13 in vivo including shear‐dependency, local inactivation, and biochemical and structural regulation of substrate binding. Recently published structural data of ADAMTS13 is discussed, which may help to generate novel hypotheses for future research.
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