Hydrochemical evolution characteristics and mechanism of groundwater funnel areas under artificial governance in Hengshui City, North China
Hydrochemical evolution characteristics and mechanism of groundwater funnel areas under artificial governance in Hengshui City, North China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110059
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发表时间：
2023-04
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Jiaqi Chen;Bai-zhong Yan;Tiebing Xu;Fan Xia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jiaqi Chen;Bai-zhong Yan;Tiebing Xu;Fan Xia
由于20世纪70年代以来长期大规模超采地下水，华北平原地下水漏斗区面积最大。自2015年以来，在国家和地方范围内实施了综合控制和管理措施。根据水位、水化学（包括K+、Na+、Ca 2+、Mg 2+、Cl-、SO 42-、HCO 3-、TH和TDS浓度）资料，分析了华北平原漏斗中心区（衡水市）人工治理前（2014年）和人工治理期间（2015-2020年）水化学特征的演变及其机制。通过Piper图解、离子比值关系、地质统计学分析、Gibbs图解、氯碱指数和水文地球化学反演模拟（PHREEQC），得出以下结论：（1）在时间上，浅层地下水和深层地下水中分别以Na+和HCO 3-为优势阳离子和阴离子;地下水超采后SO 42-和Cl-比例增加，导致SG和DG的水化学类型趋于多样化。在空间上，由于回灌区水力停留时间和流路较短，排放区离子浓度（HCO 3 −除外）分布较高。地下水超采管理对地下水分布特征的影响小于地下水超采管理对地下水分布特征的影响。（2）与2014年（人工治理前）相比，SG和DG水化学组分与地下水位的相关性较强。补给区和排泄区的水化学场不同程度地受到地下水埋深变化及其变化速率的影响。从SG到DG的泄漏可以通过类似的离子浓度变化来推断。(3)In 2014 - 2020年，DG区地下水化学主要受蒸发作用和水岩作用控制，硅酸盐溶解和蒸发作用伴随离子交换作用控制地下水化学。在SG和DG模拟路径中，矿物相的溶解/沉淀和人工治理影响水化学。DG也由SG泄漏引起。在人工管理过程中，人类活动是一个不可忽视的因素。随着水岩作用的增强，地下水埋深变化速率减小，离子浓度增加。
The largest groundwater funnel area is located in the North China Plain (NCP) due to long-term and large-scale overexploitation of groundwater from 1970s. Comprehensive control and management measures have been implemented both in national-scale and local-scale since 2015. This paper presented the evolution of hydrochemical characteristics and its mechanism before (2014) and during the artificial governance (2015–2020) in the center of the NCP funnels (Hengshui City) based on water level, water chemical (including concentrations of K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, SO42−, HCO3−, TH and TDS) data. By using Piper diagrams, ion ratio relationships, geostatistical analysis, Gibbs diagrams, chlor-alkali index and inverse hydrogeochemical simulation (PHREEQC), the following conclusions can be drawn:(1)Temporally, the dominant cation and anion were Na+and HCO3−both in shallow groundwater (SG) and deep groundwater (DG), respectively. Hydrochemical types both in SG and DG tend to be diverse, owing to the increase of SO42−and Cl−proportion after groundwater overdraft management. Spatially, ion concentrations (except for HCO3−) of discharge areas distributed higher due to shorter hydraulic retention time and flow path of recharge area. The impact of groundwater overdraft management on distribution characteristics of DG was lower than that in SG.(2)Compared with 2014 (before artificial management), SG and DG hydrochemical components had stronger correlation relationships with groundwater level. Hydrochemistry field was influenced by groundwater depth fluctuation and the rates of it at varying degree in recharge and discharge areas. Leakage from SG to DG can be deduced by similar alteration of ion concentrations.(3)In SG, the major water chemistry was controlled by evaporation and water–rock interaction, while dissolution of silicate and evaporate companied with ion exchange dominating the groundwater chemistry in DG from 2014 to 2020. Both in SG and DG simulation paths, dissolution/precipitation of mineral phases and artificial governance influence the hydrochemistry. DG also caused by SG leakage. During artificial management, human activities are a factor that cannot be ignored. Ion concentrations increased with the water–rock interaction enhanced, due to the rate of groundwater depth change decreasing.