Organizational principles of otolith- and semicircular canal-ocular reflexes in rhesus monkeys
Organizational principles of otolith- and semicircular canal-ocular reflexes in rhesus monkeys
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb15711.x
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发表时间：
1996-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hess, BJM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Angelaki, DE;Hess, BJM
在一个单一的功能作用，半规管眼反射的凝视稳定在旋转头部运动，耳石眼反射是相当多样化的，包括一些不同的现象，其中大部分还没有被放入一个明确的功能背景。耳石眼反射包括在滚动倾斜过程中眼球的反向滚动，在恒定速度离垂直轴旋转过程中的稳态代偿性眼球震颤？在地球-水平轴振荡期间前庭眼反射（VOR）动力学的低频增强，视神经管-眼反射的取向和动力学的变化作为相对于重力的头部取向的函数，Rg以及在平移运动期间的上下文特异性眼反射。1-12在这些不同的反射动作中，就功能而言最好理解的是耳石在线性平移期间对水平和垂直凝视稳定的贡献。在最近的一系列研究中，我们试图进一步描述灵长类动物耳石-眼反射的特征，试图找到这些不同观察结果背后的共同原则。为此，我们记录了三维眼球运动过程中地球垂直和偏离垂直轴旋转的偏航，俯仰和滚动平面。我们发现，各种耳石眼现象可以被认为是在三个不同的耳石眼系统：（1）平移VOR，这是功能上相当于半规管角VOR;（2）系统，动态调制主眼位置的功能，头部方向相对于重力;（3）惯性前庭系统，检测绝对头部运动的空间。后两个系统编码相对于重力和空间角速度的头部方向，可能主要涉及空间方向和运动协调，而不是凝视稳定本身。
In contrast to a single functional role of semicircular canal-ocular reflexes in terms of gaze stabilization during rotatory head movements, otolith-ocular reflexes are quite diverse and comprise a number of different phenomena, most of which have not been put into a clear functional context. Otolith-ocular reflexes include counterrolling of the eyes during roll tilts, I4 a steady-state compensatory nystagmus during constant velocity off-vertical axis rotations? a low-frequency enhancement of vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) dynamics during earth-horizontal axis oscillation^,"^ changes in the orientation and dynamics of canal-ocular reflexes as a function of head orientation relative to gravity, Rg as well as context-specific ocular reflexes during translational motion. 1-12 Among these different reflex actions, the best understood in terms of function is the otolith contribution to horizontal and vertical gaze stabilization during linear translations.In a series of recent studies, we have sought to characterize further the primate otolith-ocular reflexes in an attempt to find the common principles underlying these diverse observations. For this, we recorded three-dimensional eye movements during earth-vertical and off-vertical axis rotations in the yaw, pitch, and roll planes. We found that the various otolith-ocular phenomena can be considered in terms of three distinct otolith-ocular systems:(1) a translational VOR, which is functionally equivalent to the semicircular canal angular VOR;(2) a system that dynamically modulates primary eye position as a function of head orientation relative to gravity; and (3) an inertial vestibular system that detects absolute head motion in space. The latter two systems, which code head orientation relative to gravity and angular velocity in space, are probably primarily involved in spatial orientation and motor coordination rather than gaze stabilization per se.