The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic
The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1255832
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发表时间：
2014-08-29
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Willerslev, Eske
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Raghavan, Maanasa;DeGiorgio, Michael;Willerslev, Eske
新世界北极是美洲最后一个人类居住的地区，考古学研究相对较好，但对其遗传历史的了解还很缺乏。我们展示了来自格陵兰岛、加拿大北极、阿拉斯加、阿留申群岛和西伯利亚的古代和现代人类的全基因组序列数据。我们表明，古爱斯基摩人（类似于公元前3000年至公元1300年）代表了一个独立于美洲原住民和因纽特人扩张的向美洲迁移的脉冲。此外，古爱斯基摩人时期的遗传连续性被代表当今因纽特人祖先的新人口的到来所打断，这些谱系之间过去的基因流动的证据。尽管北极主要地区周期性地被遗弃，一个单一的古爱斯基摩人可能在几乎与世隔绝的情况下存活了4000多年，直到大约700年前才消失。
The New World Arctic, the last region of the Americas to be populated by humans, has a relatively well-researched archaeology, but an understanding of its genetic history is lacking. We present genome-wide sequence data from ancient and present-day humans from Greenland, Arctic Canada, Alaska, Aleutian Islands, and Siberia. We show that Paleo-Eskimos (similar to 3000 BCE to 1300 CE) represent a migration pulse into the Americas independent of both Native American and Inuit expansions. Furthermore, the genetic continuity characterizing the Paleo-Eskimo period was interrupted by the arrival of a new population, representing the ancestors of present-day Inuit, with evidence of past gene flow between these lineages. Despite periodic abandonment of major Arctic regions, a single Paleo-Eskimo metapopulation likely survived in near-isolation for more than 4000 years, only to vanish around 700 years ago.