Polymer and composite electrolytes
Polymer and composite electrolytes
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DOI：
10.1557/mrs.2018.212
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发表时间：
2018-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Balsara, Nitash P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hallinan, Daniel T., Jr.;Villaluenga, Irune;Balsara, Nitash P.
与目前使用液体电解质的锂离子技术相比，固体无机和聚合物电解质有潜力使可充电电池具有更高的能量密度。陶瓷和玻璃等无机材料可以很好地传导锂离子，但它们很脆，这使得融入电池变得困难。聚合物具有在电池中方便使用的灵活性，但它们的传输性能往往不如无机物。因此，人们对具有紧密接触的无机相和有机相的复合电解质越来越感兴趣。本文首先讨论单相电解质中的离子传输。无量纲数（纽曼数）用于量化电解质的功效。然后提出了一种用于预测仅包含一种导电相的复合电解质的传输特性的有效介质框架。解决了包含两个导电相的复合电解质带来的机遇和挑战。最后，以锂金属电极为例，介绍了固体电解质和电极之间界面反应动力学的重要性和现状。
Solid inorganic and polymeric electrolytes have the potential to enable rechargeable batteries with higher energy densities, compared to current lithium-ion technology, which uses liquid electrolyte. Inorganic materials such as ceramics and glasses conduct lithium ions well, but they are brittle, which makes incorporation into a battery difficult. Polymers have the flexibility for facile use in a battery, but their transport properties tend to be inferior to inorganics. Thus, there is growing interest in composite electrolytes with inorganic and organic phases in intimate contact. This article begins with a discussion of ion transport in single-phase electrolytes. A dimensionless number (the Newman number) is presented for quantifying the efficacy of electrolytes. An effective medium framework for predicting transport properties of composite electrolytes containing only one conducting phase is then presented. The opportunities and challenges presented by composite electrolytes containing two conducting phases are addressed. Finally, the importance and status of reaction kinetics at the interfaces between solid electrolytes and electrodes are covered, using a lithium-metal electrode as an example.