Screen media and language development in infants and toddlers: An ecological perspective
Screen media and language development in infants and toddlers: An ecological perspective
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dr.2010.03.006
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发表时间：
2010-06-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Vaala, Sarah E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Linebarger, Deborah L.;Vaala, Sarah E.
理解和使用语言的能力是儿童在生命的前3年必须掌握的两种最重要的发展能力。在过去的十年中，针对婴幼儿的屏幕媒体内容急剧增加。因此，婴儿和幼儿花在媒体上的时间也显著增加（即，1-2 h/天）。目前，关于屏幕媒体如何影响婴幼儿语言发展的经验知识有限。在这篇评论中，我们认为，婴儿和幼儿能够从屏幕媒体学习。这种学习依赖于三个不同但相互关联的因素的汇合：孩子的属性;屏幕媒体刺激的特征;以及围绕孩子的屏幕媒体使用的各种环境背景。为了研究这些相互关联的因素，我们采用了一个生态框架，在这个框架中，幼儿的语言技能是从儿童与儿童所处或运作的更广泛的环境背景之间的相互交易中发展起来的。屏幕媒体效果取决于媒体内容与婴儿和幼儿现实生活体验的相似程度，包括使用简单的故事和熟悉的物体或例程。反复接触也有助于婴儿和幼儿学习屏幕媒体的格式和内容，甚至可以改善与观看特定内容相关的负面影响。最后，一个称职的共同观看者的存在似乎可以促进婴儿从屏幕媒体中学习语言，就像这些过程在现场场景中促进学习一样。(C)2010年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
The abilities to understand and use language represent two of the most important developmental competencies that children must master during the first 3 years of life. Over the past decade, screen media content directed at infants and toddlers has dramatically increased. As a result, infants' and toddlers' time spent with media has also notably increased (i.e., 1-2 h per day). At present, there is limited empirical knowledge regarding how screen media influence infants' and toddlers' language development. In this review, we contend that infants and toddlers are capable of learning from screen media. This learning is dependent upon the confluence of three distinct but interrelated factors: attributes of the child; characteristics of the screen media stimuli; and the varied environmental contexts surrounding the child's screen media use. To examine these interrelated factors, we have adopted an ecological framework in which a young child's language skills develop from the reciprocal transactions between the child and the broader environmental contexts in which a child is situated or operates. Screen media effects are dependent on the degree to which media content resembles infants' and toddlers' real-life experiences including the use of simple stories and familiar objects or routines. Repeated exposure also helps infants and toddlers learn both the format and the content of screen media and can even ameliorate negative effects associated with viewing particular content. Finally, the presence of a competent co-viewer appears to boost babies' language learning from screen media, much like the ways these processes facilitate learning in live scenarios. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.