Environmental Policies in India towards Achieving Sustainable Development
Environmental Policies in India towards Achieving Sustainable Development
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印度实现可持续发展的环境政策
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Priyadarsini
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Priyadarsini
在过去的三十年里，印度的环境政策发生了很大的变化。这些政策回应了源于当地和全球的新出现的关切。政策涵盖了广泛的问题，如空气和水污染、废物管理、生物多样性保护(1992年《减少污染政策声明》；1988年《森林政策》)。然而，这些政策传统上是以环境保护为目标，并着眼于回应当地问题。印度在经济发展方面面临挑战，这将以有限的资源、最低限度的外部性和不确定的气候来应对。克服这一挑战的方法之一是走可持续发展之路。排他性的以气候为中心的关注将导致巨大的缓解和适应成本，而可持续发展道路除了创造机会实现共同利益外，还可以降低缓解成本，而不必牺牲加强社会和经济发展的国家议程。可持续发展是气候行动计划正在运作并需要在未来持续下去的基本发展模式。专注于可持续发展议程的政策企业家将更受政策制定者的青睐，气候行动计划将倾向于其合乎逻辑的结论。我们需要坚持这一基本理念，并为此创建一个长期的解决方案框架。印度是一个复杂的、令人震惊的多元化国家，充满了看似矛盾的东西。它有强烈的教育伦理，但也有大量的贫困和文盲。它是世界上最大的民主国家，但法律执行不力，腐败现象普遍存在。
Environmental policies in India have been evolved considerably over the past three decades. The policies have been responsive to the emerging concerns of both local and global origin. Policies have covered a wide-range of issues such as air and water pollution, waste management, biodiversity conservation (The Policy Statement for Abatement of Pollution, 1992; The Forest Policy, 1988). However, the policies have traditionally been aimed at environmental protection and geared towards responding to local issues. India faces challenges in economic development, which is to be met from limited resources; with minimum externalities and in presence of an uncertain climate. One of the approaches to overcome this challenge is through the path of sustainable development (SD). Exclusive climate centric focus would lead to huge mitigation and adaptation costs whereas a sustainable development pathway results in lower mitigation costs, besides creating opportunities to realize co-benefits without having to sacrifice the national agenda of enhancing social and economic development. Sustainable development is the underlying development paradigm within which the climate action plan is operating and need to be sustained in the future. Policy entrepreneurs, focusing on the sustainable development agenda, would find more favor with the policy makers and the climate action plan would be favorably inclined to its logical conclusion. We need to stick to this basic philosophy and create a long-term solution framework to this effect. India is a complex, stunningly diverse country replete with seeming contradictions. It has a strong education ethic, yet also massive poverty and illiteracy. It is the world‘s largest democracy, yet weak implementation of laws and corruption are widespread.