Simulating Retention of Rare Alleles in Small Populations to Assess Management Options for Species with Different Life Histories
Simulating Retention of Rare Alleles in Small Populations to Assess Management Options for Species with Different Life Histories
复制标题
模拟小种群中稀有等位基因的保留，以评估具有不同生活史的物种的管理选择
DOI：
10.1111/cobi.12011
复制
发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
I. Jamieson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Weiser;C. Grueber;I. Jamieson
保持等位基因多样性很重要，因为它提供了适应能力，从而使长期的人口生存能力。在世代重叠的动物中，等位基因的保留很难预测，因此我们使用了一种新的计算机模型来模拟稀有等位基因在3个物种的小种群中的保留，这些物种具有截然不同的生活史特征：北岛棕猕猴桃（Apteryx mantelli;一夫一妻制，长寿），北岛知更鸟（Petroica longipes;一夫一妻制，短命）和红鹿（马鹿;一夫多妻制，中等寿命）。我们模拟了各种人口统计学情景下的封闭种群，并评估了在10代后实现保留90%的选择性中性稀有等位基因（源种群中的频率= 0.05）的目标所需的人工移民量。每一代需要的移民数量从11到30不等，以满足遗传目标，物种之间有关键的相似性和差异。没有一个物种在没有移民的情况下达到遗传目标，红鹿由于一夫多妻制雄性之间的生殖偏斜而失去了最多的等位基因多样性。然而，相对于其他物种，红鹿只需要中等的移民率就能达到遗传目标，因为非领地性的育种者有很高的更替率。相反，北岛褐猕猴桃需要最多的移民，因为当地生产的领土育种者寿命长，阻止了很大一部分移民的招募。在所有物种中，所需的移民量一般随着承载能力、存活率或生殖产量的增加而减少，随着生殖成功的个体差异的增加而增加，这表明准确量化这些参数以预测管理效果的重要性。总的来说，在一个小的，孤立的人群中保留罕见的等位基因需要大量的管理投入。使用模拟来探索针对相关人群的优化策略将有助于最大限度地发挥这一努力的价值。
Preserving allelic diversity is important because it provides the capacity for adaptation and thus enables long‐term population viability. Allele retention is difficult to predict in animals with overlapping generations, so we used a new computer model to simulate retention of rare alleles in small populations of 3 species with contrasting life‐history traits: North Island Brown Kiwi (Apteryx mantelli; monogamous, long‐lived), North Island Robins (Petroica longipes; monogamous, short‐lived), and red deer (Cervus elaphus; polygynous, moderate lifespan). We simulated closed populations under various demographic scenarios and assessed the amounts of artificial immigration needed to achieve a goal of retaining 90% of selectively neutral rare alleles (frequency in the source population = 0.05) after 10 generations. The number of immigrants per generation required to meet the genetic goal ranged from 11 to 30, and there were key similarities and differences among species. None of the species met the genetic goal without immigration, and red deer lost the most allelic diversity due to reproductive skew among polygynous males. However, red deer required only a moderate rate of immigration relative to the other species to meet the genetic goal because nonterritorial breeders had a high turnover. Conversely, North Island Brown Kiwi needed the most immigration because the long lifespan of locally produced territorial breeders prevented a large proportion of immigrants from recruiting. In all species, the amount of immigration needed generally decreased with an increase in carrying capacity, survival, or reproductive output and increased as individual variation in reproductive success increased, indicating the importance of accurately quantifying these parameters to predict the effects of management. Overall, retaining rare alleles in a small, isolated population requires substantial investment of management effort. Use of simulations to explore strategies optimized for the populations in question will help maximize the value of this effort.