Environmental reservoir dynamics predict global infection patterns and population impacts for the fungal disease white-nose syndrome
Environmental reservoir dynamics predict global infection patterns and population impacts for the fungal disease white-nose syndrome
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1914794117
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发表时间：
2020-03-31
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Kilpatrick, A. Marm
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoyt, Joseph R.;Langwig, Kate E.;Kilpatrick, A. Marm
疾病爆发和病原体的引入可能对宿主种群产生重大影响，病原体在环境中持续存在的能力可能会加剧疾病的影响，助长持续传播，季节性流行病和反复的溢出事件。虽然理论表明，环境水库的存在会增加宿主减少的风险和灭绝的威胁，但水库动态对传播和种群影响的影响仍然没有得到很好的描述。在这里，我们表明，环境水库的程度解释了广泛的模式，宿主感染和疾病的严重程度的影响，一个致命的病原体。我们研究了水库和宿主感染动力学和所产生的影响Pseudogymnocellulosdestructans，真菌病原体，导致白鼻综合征，在39种蝙蝠在101个地点在地球仪。环境中较低水平的病原体始终对应于宿主的延迟感染、较少和较不严重的感染以及减少的种群影响。相比之下，一个广泛和持久的环境水库导致早期和广泛的感染和严重的人口下降。这些结果表明，破坏变形杆菌在环境中的持久性或衰减的大陆差异改变了蝙蝠的感染模式，并影响了宿主种群是否稳定或经历了这种疾病的严重下降。量化环境水库对疾病动态的影响可以为降低环境中的病原体水平提供具体目标，以预防或控制未来的流行病。
Disease outbreaks and pathogen introductions can have significant effects on host populations, and the ability of pathogens to persist in the environment can exacerbate disease impacts by fueling sustained transmission, seasonal epidemics, and repeated spillover events. While theory suggests that the presence of an environmental reservoir increases the risk of host declines and threat of extinction, the influence of reservoir dynamics on transmission and population impacts remains poorly described. Here we show that the extent of the environmental reservoir explains broad patterns of host infection and the severity of disease impacts of a virulent pathogen. We examined reservoir and host infection dynamics and the resulting impacts of Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the fungal pathogen that causes white-nose syndrome, in 39 species of bats at 101 sites across the globe. Lower levels of pathogen in the environment consistently corresponded to delayed infection of hosts, fewer and less severe infections, and reduced population impacts. In contrast, an extensive and persistent environmental reservoir led to early and widespread infections and severe population declines. These results suggest that continental differences in the persistence or decay of P. destructans in the environment altered infection patterns in bats and influencedwhether host populations were stable or experienced severe declines from this disease. Quantifying the impact of the environmental reservoir on disease dynamics can provide specific targets for reducing pathogen levels in the environment to prevent or control future epidemics.