Superconductor and magnet levitation devices
Superconductor and magnet levitation devices
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DOI：
10.1063/1.1622973
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发表时间：
2003-11
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
K. Ma;Y. Postrekhin;W. Chu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Ma;Y. Postrekhin;W. Chu
本文综述了利用超导体和磁体的悬浮装置。设备的概念和它们的应用，如非接触轴承，飞轮，动量轮进行了讨论，这些设备背后的原理的阐述。负责在这些设备中的悬浮的基本磁-机械现象是固有的磁通钉扎在磁体和II型超导体之间的相互作用的结果，在这篇文章中描述和解释的行为预期的一个完美的导体或接近完美的导体进行比较。完美导体模型被用来说明为什么在磁体就位之后或之前冷却超导体时观察到的力之间存在差异。同样的模型也建立了一个原理，即阻力或力矩只会在磁体的运动改变超导体上的磁场时产生。匡威的推论，当轴对称时，没有阻力矩出现。
This article reviews levitation devices using superconductors and magnets. Device concepts and their applications such as noncontact bearings, flywheels, and momentum wheels are discussed, following an exposition of the principles behind these devices. The basic magneto–mechanical phenomenon responsible for levitation in these devices is a result of flux pinning inherent in the interaction between a magnet and a type II superconductor, described and explained in this article by comparison with behavior expected of a perfect conductor or a nearly perfect conductor. The perfect conductor model is used to illustrate why there is a difference between the forces observed when the superconductor is cooled after or before the magnet is brought into position. The same model also establishes the principle that a resisting force or torque arises only in response to those motions of the magnet that changes the magnet field at the superconductor. A corollary of the converse, that no drag torque appears when an axisym...