Nanoparticle-aided external beam radiotherapy leveraging the Čerenkov effect.
Nanoparticle-aided external beam radiotherapy leveraging the Čerenkov effect.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.06.015
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发表时间：
2016-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ngwa W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ouyang Z;Liu B;Yasmin-Karim S;Sajo E;Ngwa W
本研究探讨了利用新设计的放射治疗生物材料传递的二氧化钛（二氧化钛）纳米颗粒（NP），利用外照射放射治疗（EBRT）期间存在的切伦科夫辐射（CR）以获得显着治疗效果的可行性。使用蒙特卡罗辐射传输模拟，我们计算了 EBRT 期间肿瘤体积内的总 CR 产量与放射性核素的总 CR 产量相比。我们还考虑了一种使用载有纳米颗粒的放射治疗生物材料（例如基准）进行肿瘤内二氧化钛输送的新方法。计算从基准点释放的二氧化钛的肿瘤内分布/扩散。为了通过实验证实 CR 诱导的 EBRT 增强，我们使用 6 MV 辐射照射有或没有二氧化钛纳米颗粒的人肺癌细胞，并进行了克隆形成分析。对于负载有 20 μg/g 2 nm 二氧化钛纳米粒子的放射治疗生物材料，14 天后至少可以在 2 cm 直径的肿瘤子体积中传递至少 1 μg/g。此浓度水平可能会在 EBRT 期间对癌细胞造成严重损害。蒙特卡罗结果显示 6 MV 辐射的 CR 产量高于感兴趣的放射性核素，因此在 EBRT 期间可能会造成更大的损害。体外研究显示 6 MV 辐射和二氧化钛纳米颗粒具有显着增强作用。这些初步发现证明了一种潜在的新方法，可用于利用兆压 EBRT 期间存在的 CR 来增强对癌细胞的损伤。这些结果为进一步的实验研究提供了重要的推动力，以开发由切伦科夫效应驱动的纳米颗粒辅助 EBRT。
This study investigates the feasibility of exploiting the Čerenkov radiation (CR) present during external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for significant therapeutic gain, using titanium dioxide (titania) nanoparticles (NPs) delivered via newly designed radiotherapy biomaterials. Using Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations, we calculated the total CR yield inside a tumor volume during EBRT compared to that of the radionuclides. We also considered a novel approach for intratumoral titania delivery using radiotherapy biomaterials (e.g. fiducials) loaded with NPs. The intratumoral distribution/diffusion of titania released from the fiducials was calculated. To confirm the CR induced enhancement in EBRT experimentally, we used 6 MV radiation to irradiate human lung cancer cells with or without titania NPs and performed clonogenic assays. For a radiotherapy biomaterial loaded with 20 μg/g of 2-nm titania NPs, at least 1 μg/g could be delivered throughout a tumor sub-volume of 2-cm diameter after 14 days. This concentration level could inflict substantial damage to cancer cells during EBRT. The Monte Carlo results showed the CR yield by 6 MV radiation was higher than by the radionuclides of interest and hence greater damage may be obtained during EBRT. In vitro study showed significant enhancement with 6 MV radiation and titania NPs. These preliminary findings demonstrate a potential new approach that can be used to take advantage of the CR present during megavoltage EBRT to boost damage to cancer cells. The results provide significant impetus for further experimental studies towards the development of nanoparticle-aided EBRT powered by the Čerenkov effect.