Inroads of remote sensing into hydrologic science during the WRR era
Inroads of remote sensing into hydrologic science during the WRR era
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DOI：
10.1002/2015wr017616
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发表时间：
2015-09
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
D. Lettenmaier;D. Alsdorf;J. Dozier;G. Huffman;M. Pan;E. Wood
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Lettenmaier;D. Alsdorf;J. Dozier;G. Huffman;M. Pan;E. Wood
第一期WRR出现在人造卫星发射八年后，但到WRR成立25周年时，只有七篇使用遥感的论文出现。在该杂志的第二个25年里，这种情况发生了显着变化，遥感现在广泛应用于水文学和其他地球物理科学。我们将这种演变归因于不精通遥感的科学家可以使用的数据集的产生，以及NASA的地球系统科学奖学金计划等教育计划，该计划支持了1000多名科学家，其中许多是水文学科学家。本文从水平衡的角度回顾了水文遥感的进展。我们认为，进展主要是由于创造性地利用现有的和过去的卫星传感器来估计蒸发蒸腾速率或湖泊和水库的蓄水量等变量，以及新的和计划中的任务。最近的转换技术包括重力恢复和气候实验、欧洲土壤湿度和海洋盐度和美国土壤湿度主动被动任务以及全球降水测量使命。未来的任务包括地表水和海洋地形（SWOT），以测量河流流量和湖泊，水库和湿地储存。一些重要的水文变量的测量仍然存在问题：从空间反演雪水当量（SWE）仍然难以实现，特别是在山区，即使积雪覆盖范围得到很好的观测，这是WRR发表的前5篇遥感论文中的4篇。我们认为，这一领域值得水文界进行更多的战略思考。
The first issue of WRR appeared eight years after the launch of Sputnik, but by WRR's 25th anniversary, only seven papers that used remote sensing had appeared. Over the journal's second 25 years, that changed remarkably, and remote sensing is now widely used in hydrology and other geophysical sciences. We attribute this evolution to production of data sets that scientists not well versed in remote sensing can use, and to educational initiatives like NASA's Earth System Science Fellowship program that has supported over a thousand scientists, many in hydrology. We review progress in remote sensing in hydrology from a water balance perspective. We argue that progress is primarily attributable to a creative use of existing and past satellite sensors to estimate such variables as evapotranspiration rates or water storage in lakes and reservoirs and to new and planned missions. Recent transforming technologies include the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), the European Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and U.S. Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) missions, and the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission. Future missions include Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) to measure river discharge and lake, reservoir, and wetland storage. Measurement of some important hydrologic variables remains problematic: retrieval of snow water equivalent (SWE) from space remains elusive especially in mountain areas, even though snow cover extent is well observed, and was the topic of 4 of the first 5 remote sensing papers published in WRR. We argue that this area deserves more strategic thinking from the hydrology community.