Book Review: Biomedicalization: Technoscience, Health, and Illness in the U.S.
Book Review: Biomedicalization: Technoscience, Health, and Illness in the U.S.
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书评：生物医学化：美国的技术科学、健康和疾病
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-954x.2011.02009.x
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Atkinson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Atkinson
近年来，社会科学家越来越关注生物科学、技术和医学的交叉。不久前，研究健康和疾病的社会学家对科学技术重视不够。事实上，强调“疾病”是一种主观体验，分散了他们对生物和医学知识生产的记录。同样，从事科学技术研究的学者相对较少关注生物和医学科学，而更倾向于关注“较难”的科学。然而，最近出现了显著程度的趋同。STS现在以生物学和医学研究为主，而对医疗机构的社会学研究则渗透着科学和技术研究。生物和医学领域知识的生产和流通方面迅速而广泛的变化促进了这些发展。科学融合反映在基因组学和遗传医学、蛋白质组学、干细胞科学和再生医学、合成生物学、生物信息学、神经科学和成像技术的发展中，仅举几个引人注目的例子。它使许多从业者和评论家从生物医学的角度来思考，反映了新生物学和新医学应用之间相互依存的程度。其结果是新兴的生物医学文献，以及与之相关的一系列思想：基因化、分子化、生物资本、生物权力和生命政治。在阿黛尔·克拉克和她的同事们的手中，生物医学化旨在捕捉广泛的现象，以及同样广泛的社会过程。它被用来描述生物和医学知识发展的一个独特阶段。这本文集中的框架文章——
Social scientists have paid increasing attention to the intersections of biological science, technology and medicine in recent years. Not so long ago sociologists of health and illness paid insufficient attention to science and technology. Indeed, the emphasis on ‘illness’ as subjective experience distracted them from documenting the production of biological and medical knowledge. Equally, scholars in science-and-technology studies paid relatively little attention to biological and medical science, preferring to focus on the ‘harder’ sciences. Recently, however, there has been a remarkable degree of convergence. STS is now dominated by studies of biological and medical science, while the sociological study of medical institutions is permeated by studies of science and technology. These developments have been encouraged by rapid and widespread changes in the production and circulation of knowledge in the biological and medical domains. Scientific convergence is reflected in the development of genomics and genetic medicine, proteomics, stem-cell science and regenerative medicine, synthetic biology, bioinformatics, neuroscience, and imaging techniques, to name but a few high-profile examples. It has led numerous practitioners and commentators to think in terms of biomedicine, reflecting the extent of interdependence of new biologies and new medical applications. The result is a burgeoning literature on biomedicine, and a constellation of ideas that relate to it: geneticization, molecularization, biocapital, biopower, and the politics of life. In the hands of Adele Clarke and her colleagues, Biomedicalization is intended to capture a wide range of phenomena, and an equally wide range of social processes. It is used to describe a distinctive phase in the development of biological and medical knowledge. The framing essays in this collection –