The Addictive Model of Self-Harming (Non-suicidal and Suicidal) Behavior.
The Addictive Model of Self-Harming (Non-suicidal and Suicidal) Behavior.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00008
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
de Leon J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blasco-Fontecilla H;Fernández-Fernández R;Colino L;Fajardo L;Perteguer-Barrio R;de Leon J
行为成瘾，如赌博，日光浴，购物，互联网使用，工作，锻炼，甚至爱情和性是频繁的，并与物质成瘾共享许多特征和共同的神经生物学和遗传基础（即，耐受性、戒断和复发）。最近的文献表明，非自杀性自伤（NSSI）和自杀行为（SB）也可以被概念化为成瘾。本文的主要目的是回顾相关文献，探讨自我伤害行为成瘾的神经生物学和心理学机制。这是一篇叙述性评论。作者在PubMed和Google中进行了自杀行为、自我伤害、成瘾和“主要重复者”的文献检索。鉴于关于该主题的文献很少，选择了一个最密切相关的研究子集。作者还集中在三个实证研究测试的假设，主要留级生（一生中有≥5次自杀企图的个体）代表了一种独特的自杀表型，是有发展成SB成瘾风险的个体。作者回顾了行为成瘾和主要重复者的概念，目前关于NSSI和SB是否可以被理解为“成瘾”的经验证据测试，“以及潜在的机制我们的综述表明，NSSI和SB都可以被概念化为成瘾。这是相关的，因为如果一些人的自我伤害行为被更好地概念化为成瘾，治疗方法可以针对这种成瘾。
Behavioral addictions such as gambling, sun-tanning, shopping, Internet use, work, exercise, or even love and sex are frequent, and share many characteristics and common neurobiological and genetic underpinnings with substance addictions (i.e., tolerance, withdrawal, and relapse). Recent literature suggests that both non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behavior (SB) can also be conceptualized as addictions. The major aim of this mini review is to review the literature and explore the neurobiological and psychological mechanisms underlying the addiction to self-harming behaviors. This is a narrative review. The authors performed literature searches in PubMed and Google for suicidal behavior, self-harming, addiction, and “major repeaters.” Given the scarce literature on the topic, a subset of the most closely related studies was selected. The authors also focused on three empirical studies testing the hypothesis that major repeaters (individuals with ≥5 lifetime suicide attempts) represent a distinctive suicidal phenotype and are the individuals at risk of developing an addiction to SB. The authors reviewed the concept of behavioral addictions and major repeaters, current empirical evidence testing concerning whether or not NSSI and SB can be understood as “addictions,” and the putative mechanisms underlying them. Our review suggests that both NSSI and SB can be conceptualized as addictions. This is relevant because if some individual’s self-harming behaviors are better conceptualized as an addiction, treatment approaches could be tailored to this addiction.