A pragmatic theory of responsibility for the egalitarian planner
A pragmatic theory of responsibility for the egalitarian planner
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DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511528293.011
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发表时间：
1992
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
J. Roemer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Roemer
平等和责任平等主义者应该寻求什么样的平等？当然，福利是一个明显的候选者，最近讨论的每个参与者都把它作为自己提案的陪衬。简要回顾：约翰·罗尔斯提出了“初级商品”;罗纳德·德沃金提出了“资源”，一种综合定义的资源，包括各种天赋和障碍;阿马蒂亚·森提出了“功能能力”;理查德·阿内森在最近的两篇文章中提出了“福利机会”作为适当的平等; G. A.科恩最近提出了“获得优势”。所有这些建议都试图使机会均等，而不是结果均等：对罗尔斯和德沃金来说，初级商品和资源分别是人们实施项目的必要手段，这些项目导致了对他们有价值的结果;对森来说，以各种方式运作的能力是个人成为自己的先决条件;而科恩的“进入”类似于阿内森直截了当的“机会”。如果现代平等主义理论中争论的第一个问题是平等主义应该是什么，那么第二个问题就是区分一个人的行为，这些行为是由他无法控制的情况引起的，而这些行为是他个人负责的。在五位作者中，德沃金、阿内森和科恩最积极地探讨了这个问题。
Equality and responsibility What should an egalitarian seek to equalize? Welfare is, of course, an obvious candidate, and each contributor to the recent discussion has taken it as the foil for his own proposal. To review briefly: John Rawls proposes “primary goods”; Ronald Dworkin proposes “resources,” a resource being defined in a comprehensive way to include various talents and handicaps; Amartya Sen proposes “capabilities to function”; in two recent articles, Richard Arneson has proposed “opportunity for welfare” as the appropriate equalisandum; G. A. Cohen has recently proposed “access to advantage.” All of these proposals attempt to equalize opportunities, rather than outcomes: for Rawls and Dworkin, primary goods and resources, respectively, are the wherewithal with which people carry out projects that lead to outcomes that have value to them; for Sen, the capabilities to function in various ways are the prerequisites for what individuals make of themselves; and Cohen's “access” is similar to Arneson's straightforward “opportunity.” If the first issue of contention in modern egalitarian theory is what the equalisandum should be, the second is the distinction between a person's actions that are caused by circumstances beyond his control and those for which he is personally responsible. This issue, among the five authors named, is most actively addressed by Dworkin, Arneson, and Cohen.