How deregulation, drought and increasing fire impact Amazonian biodiversity
How deregulation, drought and increasing fire impact Amazonian biodiversity
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-021-03876-7
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发表时间：
2021-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Enquist, Brian J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Feng, Xiao;Merow, Cory;Enquist, Brian J.
生物多样性有助于亚马逊流域的生态和气候稳定（1，2），但日益受到森林砍伐和火灾的威胁（3，4）。在这里，我们使用遥感估计的火灾和森林砍伐以及亚马逊地区11，514种植物物种和3，079种脊椎动物物种的综合范围估计来量化这些影响。砍伐森林导致大量栖息地丧失，火灾进一步加剧了对亚马逊生物多样性的重大影响。自2001年以来，103，079 - 189，755平方公里的亚马逊雨林受到火灾的影响，可能影响该地区77.3%-85.2%的受威胁物种。火灾对亚马逊物种范围的影响可能高达64%，而更大的影响通常与范围有限的物种有关。我们发现，森林政策，火灾影响的森林面积及其对生物多样性的潜在影响之间的密切联系。在巴西，2000年代中期开始实施的森林政策相应降低了燃烧率。然而，2019年这些政策的放松执行似乎开始扭转这一趋势：大约4，253 - 10，343平方公里的森林受到火灾的影响，导致自2009年以来对生物多样性的一些最严重的潜在影响。这些结果突出了政策执行在保护亚马逊生物多样性方面的关键作用。
Biodiversity contributes to the ecological and climatic stability of the Amazon Basin(1, 2), but is increasingly threatened by deforestation and fire(3, 4). Here we quantify these impacts over the past two decades using remote-sensing estimates of fire and deforestation and comprehensive range estimates of 11,514 plant species and 3,079 vertebrate species in the Amazon. Deforestation has led to large amounts of habitat loss, and fires further exacerbate this already substantial impact on Amazonian biodiversity. Since 2001,103,079-189,755 km(2) of Amazon rainforest has been impacted by fires, potentially impacting the ranges of 77.3-85.2% of species that are listed as threatened in this region'. The impacts of fire on the ranges of species in Amazonia could be as high as 64%, and greater impacts are typically associated with species that have restricted ranges. We find close associations between forest policy, fire-impacted forest area and their potential impacts on biodiversity. In Brazil, forest policies that were initiated in the mid-2000s corresponded to reduced rates of burning. However, relaxed enforcement of these policies in 2019 has seemingly begun to reverse this trend: approximately 4,253-10,343 km(2) of forest has been impacted by fire, leading to some of the most severe potential impacts on biodiversity since 2009. These results highlight the critical role of policy enforcement in the preservation of biodiversity in the Amazon.