The Province of Jurisprudence Determined
The Province of Jurisprudence Determined
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法学领域的确定
DOI：
10.2307/3302746
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发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
J. Austin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Austin
对英美法研究产生了深远影响的《法理学领域的确定》是一部分析严谨清晰的典范。随着这本书的出版，奥斯汀为法律的职业的不同要素带来了秩序，直到他那个时代，这一职业在很大程度上是不系统的。虽然他受到了包括杰里米·边沁和约翰·斯图尔特·穆勒在内的一小部分支持者的极大尊重，但他的工作在他的一生中除了他的朋友之外很少受到关注。直到奥斯汀去世后，他的作品才开始引起人们的普遍注意。随后，他的分析成为了在法律的真正本质、将法律定义为一种隐含制裁的命令形式以及区分法律的权威、政治权力和道德等问题上的强烈分歧的焦点。他的作品后来的名声似乎是由于它所产生的争议。也许奥斯汀最重要的贡献是明确区分了“实在法”（即：由君主或政府颁布的法律）和道德原则（他称之为“上帝的法律”）。在这样做，他确定了调查领域为后来的学生。同样有趣的是功利主义哲学对他的分析的影响：例如，他将社会效用原则视为辨别上帝命令的基准，从而判断行为规则的整体道德品质。无论人们是否同意奥斯汀的分析，很明显，他的著作现在被认为是所有法学讨论中不可或缺的。
A work that has had a profound influence on the study of English and American law, "The Province of Jurisprudence Determined" is a model of rigorous and clear analysis. With its publication Austin brought order to the disparate elements of a legal profession that up until his time was largely unsystematic. Although he was greatly respected by a small circle of supporters, including Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, his work received little attention beyond his friends during his lifetime. It was only after Austin's death that his writings began to attract general notice. Then his analysis became the focal point for strong disagreements over the true nature of law, the definition of law as a form of command with implied sanctions, and the problem of differentiating legal authority, political power, and morality. The later fame of his work appears to have resulted from the controversies it generated. Perhaps Austin's most significant contribution was to make a clear distinction between 'positive law' (ie: laws decreed by the sovereign or government) and moral principles (which he terms the 'law of God'). In so doing he defined the field of inquiry for later students. Also of interest is the influence of utilitarian philosophy on his analysis: for example, he viewed the principle of social utility as a benchmark for discerning God's commands and hence for judging the overall moral quality of rules of conduct. Whether one agrees or disagrees with Austin's analysis, it is clear that his work is now established as indispensable for all discussions of jurisprudence.