Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory changes induced by different types of music in musicians and non-musicians: the importance of silence
Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory changes induced by different types of music in musicians and non-musicians: the importance of silence
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DOI：
10.1136/hrt.2005.064600
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发表时间：
2006-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Sleight, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bernardi, L;Porta, C;Sleight, P
目的：评估音乐引起的心血管和呼吸系统变化的潜在临床用途，特别是在调节压力方面，特别是节奏、韵律、旋律结构、停顿、个人偏好、习惯、演示的顺序效果以及之前的音乐训练。设计：测量患者听音乐时的心血管和呼吸变量。设置：大学心肺研究实验室 自主功能。患者：12 名练习音乐家和 12 名年龄匹配的对照组。干预：在五分钟基线后，以随机顺序呈现六种不同的音乐风格（首先是两分钟，然后是四分钟曲目），并以任一顺序随机插入两分钟暂停。主要结果指标：呼吸频率、通气量、二氧化碳、RR 间期、血压、大脑中动脉流量 结果：与基线相比，通气、血压和心率增加，中脑动脉血流速度和压力反射降低，节奏加快，节律结构更简单。没有看到习惯效应。暂停会降低心率、血压和每分钟通气量，甚至低于基线。对于中脑动脉血流速度而言，与风格无关的顺序效应是明显的，表明随着音乐的暴露而逐渐降低，与风格无关。音乐家比非音乐家对音乐节奏有更高的呼吸敏感性。结论：音乐会引起唤醒效应，主要与节奏有关。缓慢或冥想的音乐可以产生放松的效果；放松在停顿期间尤其明显。音乐，尤其是受过训练的受试者，可能首先在较快的节奏中集中注意力，然后在停顿或较慢的节奏中引起放松。
Objective: To assess the potential clinical use, particularly in modulating stress, of changes in the cardiovascular and respiratory systems induced by music, specifically tempo, rhythm, melodic structure, pause, individual preference, habituation, order effect of presentation, and previous musical training.Design: Measurement of cardiovascular and respiratory variables while patients listened to music.Setting: University research laboratory for the study of cardiorespiratory autonomic function.Patients: 12 practising musicians and 12 age matched controls.Interventions: After a five minute baseline, presentation in random order of six different music styles (first for a two minute, then for a four minute track), with a randomly inserted two minute pause, in either sequence.Main outcome measures: Breathing rate, ventilation, carbon dioxide, RR interval, blood pressure, mid-cerebral artery flow velocity, and baroreflex.Results: Ventilation, blood pressure, and heart rate increased and mid-cerebral artery flow velocity and baroreflex decreased with faster tempi and simpler rhythmic structures compared with baseline. No habituation effect was seen. The pause reduced heart rate, blood pressure, and minute ventilation, even below baseline. An order effect independent of style was evident for mid-cerebral artery flow velocity, indicating a progressive reduction with exposure to music, independent of style. Musicians had greater respiratory sensitivity to the music tempo than did non-musicians.Conclusions: Music induces an arousal effect, predominantly related to the tempo. Slow or meditative music can induce a relaxing effect; relaxation is particularly evident during a pause. Music, especially in trained subjects, may first concentrate attention during faster rhythms, then induce relaxation during pauses or slower rhythms.