The Urban Climate - Basic and Applied Aspects
The Urban Climate - Basic and Applied Aspects
复制标题
城市气候 - 基本和应用方面
DOI：
10.1007/978-0-387-73412-5_13
复制
发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
W. Kuttler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Kuttler
城镇和城市是地球上人口最稠密的地区，未来将继续成为地球上大部分人口最广泛使用的人工景观。到2030年，超过60%的人类将居住在城市。城市条件的变化往往造成环境质量的恶化，并可能损害城市居民的健康。一个城市的气候与其周围环境的气候之间的差异被称为“城市气候”。城市气候最重要的特征包括较高的空气和地表温度、辐射平衡的变化、较低的湿度和有限的大气交换，这导致各种来源的污染物积累。虽然这些变化主要影响局部或区域条件，但释放到大气中的持久性物质也可能影响更大的地区甚至全球气候。
Towns and cities are the most densely populated areas on Earth and will continue to be the artificial landscapes most widely used by the greater part of the Earth’s population in the future. In 2030 more than 60% of humans will live in cities. Changes in urban conditions have often caused deterioration in environmental quality and may result in damage to the health of city-dwellers. The differences between the climate of a city and the climate of its surroundings are referred to as the “urban climate”. The most important features of urban climate include higher air and surface temperatures, changes in radiation balances, lower humidity, and restricted atmospheric exchange that causes accumulations of pollutants from a variety of sources. Although these changes mainly affect local or regional conditions, persistent substances released into the atmosphere may also affect larger areas or even the global climate.