Regional inventory of soil surface nitrogen balances in Indian agriculture (2000-2001).
Regional inventory of soil surface nitrogen balances in Indian agriculture (2000-2001).
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.06.013
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发表时间：
2004-11
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
V. Prasad;K. Badarinath;S. Yonemura;Haruo Tsuruta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Prasad;K. Badarinath;S. Yonemura;Haruo Tsuruta
氮调节几种生态和地球化学过程，环境中过量的活性氮可导致污染问题，包括空气质量恶化、森林进程中断、湖泊和溪流酸化以及沿海沃茨退化。大部分过量的氮输入与粮食和能源生产有关。了解氮的来源并最终确定过量氮的解决方案的一个重要步骤是描述不同地区农业氮贡献的地理分布。在这项研究中，土壤表面的氮负荷进行了量化为不同的状态，印度在2000-2001年期间。据估计，近35.4Tg的氮来自不同来源的输入，收获作物的输出氮约为21.20Tg。土壤表面氮平衡，估计为输入减去输出，被认为是约14.4Tg盈余从印度的农业用地。畜禽粪便占总投入的主要比例（44.06%），其次是无机肥料（32.48%），大气沉降（11.86%）和固氮（11.58%）。氮素平衡在不同的状态下从赤字到盈余。氮盈余最高的是北方邦（2.50 Tg），其次是中央邦（1.83 Tg）、安得拉邦（1.79 Tg）等。主要的肥料消费州是泰米尔纳德邦（204公斤/公顷）、哈里亚纳邦（132公斤/公顷）、旁遮普（148公斤/公顷），其次是其他州。同样，从总牲畜排泄物的氮输入被发现是高的喀拉拉邦（616公斤/公顷），查谟和克什米尔（389公斤/公顷），泰米尔纳德邦（338公斤/公顷）等，平均氮盈余约54公斤/公顷的农业用地的整个国家的印度是相对高于平均盈余约31公斤/公顷的欧洲国家报告。这些结果，从养分质量平衡计算，将是有用的，制定养分管理计划有关的肥料使用，畜牧业管理和采用一些最佳的管理策略，在印度的邦一级。
Nitrogen regulates several ecological and biogeochemical processes and excess reactive nitrogen in the environment can lead to pollution problems, including the deterioration of air quality, disruption of forest processes, acidification of lakes and streams, and degradation of coastal waters. Much of the excess nitrogen inputs are related to food and energy production. An important step to understanding the sources of nitrogen and ultimately defining solutions to excess nitrogen is to describe the geographic distribution of agricultural nitrogen contributions from different regions. In this study, soil surface nitrogen loads were quantified for different states of India for the period 2000–2001. Nearly 35.4Tg of nitrogen has been estimated as inputs from different sources, with output nitrogen from harvested crops of about 21.20Tg. The soil surface nitrogen balance, estimated as inputs minus outputs, is found to be about 14.4Tg surplus from the agricultural land of India. Livestock manure constituted a major percentage of total inputs (44.06%), followed by inorganic fertilizer (32.48%), atmospheric deposition (11.86%) and nitrogen fixation (11.58%). Nitrogen balance varied from deficit to surplus for different states. The highest nitrogen surplus was found in Uttar Pradesh (2.50Tg) followed by Madhya Pradesh (1.83Tg), Andhra Pradesh (1.79Tg), etc. A negative nitrogen balance was found in Orissa (−0.01Tg), Andaman Nicobar Islands (−0.32Tg) and for some of the northeastern states. Major fertilizer consumption states were found to be Tamilnadu (204kg/ha), Haryana (132kg/ha), Punjab (148kg/ha), followed by others. Similarly, nitrogen inputs from total livestock excretions were found to be high for Kerala (616kg/ha), Jammu and Kashmir (389kg/ha), Tamil Nadu (338kg/ha), etc. The average nitrogen surplus of about 54kg/ha observed for the agricultural land of the entire country of India is comparatively higher than the average surplus of about 31kg/ha reported for European countries. These results, obtained from nutrient mass balance calculations, will be useful to formulate nutrient management plans relating to fertilizer usage, livestock management and for adopting some best management strategies at a state level in India.