Nutritional adequacy of meals and commissary items provided to individuals incarcerated in a southwest, rural county jail in the United States.
Nutritional adequacy of meals and commissary items provided to individuals incarcerated in a southwest, rural county jail in the United States.
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DOI：
10.1186/s40795-022-00593-w
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发表时间：
2022-09-03
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影响因子：
2
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糟糕的饮食可能会对被监禁的人造成有害的慢性健康。然而，有限的研究评估了监狱提供的菜单和小卖部用品的营养含量。因此，这项研究评估了美国西南部农村县监狱提供的七天周期菜单和小卖品的常量营养素分布、卡路里组成和饮食质量。使用NutritionCalc Plus®估计七天周期菜单和日常用品的卡路里和常量营养素的每日和平均可获得性。评估饮食质量(即健康饮食指数-2015[HEI-2015])。将大量营养素和卡路里与可接受的常量营养素分布范围(AMDR)和2020-2025年美国人膳食指南(DGA)进行比较。将蛋白质和碳水化合物与膳食参考摄入量(DRI)进行比较。Hei-2015与美国人的平均饮食进行了比较。每日卡路里供应量超过了DGA的建议。日可利用性(16.2%-25.2%千卡/天)和平均蛋白质符合AMDR推荐标准，但超过了DRI。小卖部包装的平均蛋白质超过了AMDR推荐标准和DRI标准。在七天周期菜单中，除两天外，每天可获得的碳水化合物都达到了AMDR的推荐标准，超过了推荐标准(52.5%-66.4%千卡/天)。平均碳水化合物达到了AMDR推荐标准，超过了DRI，加上小卖包，超过了AMDR建议和DRI。每天可获得的七天周期菜单的总脂肪(79.5%-146.7 mg)，平均总脂肪单独和与小卖部包装超过了美国食品和药物管理局的建议。七天周期菜单的每日可获得饱和脂肪(16.7-47.7微克)超过了AMDR对除一天外的所有七天周期菜单的推荐，而平均饱和脂肪本身和小卖部包装超过了AMDR推荐的。七天循环菜单(8.4-14.2克)每天可获得的添加糖，意味着仅添加糖和小卖包都符合AMDR的建议。HEI-2015年七天周期菜单的得分范围为49.3-74.5分(平均 = 为62.2分，SD = 为9.4分)，并随着小卖部的增加而增加。超过推荐的卡路里和饱和脂肪可能会导致体重增加，无论饮食质量如何。增加监狱中可获得的营养密集型食物可能会减少被监禁人口中的慢性病。网上版载有补充材料，可在10.1186/s40795-022-00593-w查阅。
Poor diet may contribute to deleterious chronic health among individuals incarcerated. Yet, limited research has evaluated the nutritional content of menus and commissary items provided in jails. Thus, this study assessed the macronutrient distribution, caloric composition, and diet quality of the seven-day cycle menu and commissary items provided in a southwest, rural county jail in the United States. Daily and mean availability of calories and macronutrients for the seven-day cycle menu and commissary items were estimated using NutritionCalc Plus®. Diet quality (i.e., Healthy Eating Index-2015 [HEI-2015]) was assessed. Macronutrients and calories were compared to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) and the 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA). Protein and carbohydrate were compared to the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI). HEI-2015 was compared to the average U.S. diet. Daily caloric provisions exceeded DGA recommendations. Daily available (16.2%-25.2% kcal/day) and mean protein met the AMDR recommendations, yet exceeded the DRI. Mean protein with commissary packs exceeded the AMDR recommendations and DRI. Daily available carbohydrate met AMDR recommendations for all but two days of the seven-day cycle menu, which exceeded recommendations (52.5%-66.4% kcal/day). Mean carbohydrate met the AMDR recommendations and exceeded the DRI, and with the commissary packs, exceeded the AMDR recommendations and DRI. Daily available total fat for the seven-day cycle menu (79.5–146.7 g), mean total fat alone and with the commissary packs exceeded AMDR recommendations. Daily available saturated fat for the seven-day cycle menu (16.7–47.7 g) exceeded AMDR recommendations for all but one day of the seven-day cycle menu, while mean saturated fat alone and with the commissary packs exceeded AMDR recommendations. Daily available added sugars for the seven-day cycle menu (8.4–14.2 g), mean added sugars alone and with the commissary packs all met AMDR recommendations. HEI-2015 scores for the seven-day cycle menu ranged from 49.3–74.5 (mean = 62.2, SD = 9.4), and increased with the commissary packs. Exceeding caloric and saturated fat recommendations may contribute to weight gain, regardless of high diet quality. Increasing nutrient-dense foods available in jail may reduce chronic disease among incarcerated populations. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40795-022-00593-w.