From spirits to conspiracy? Nomadic perceptions of climate change, pandemics and disease
From spirits to conspiracy? Nomadic perceptions of climate change, pandemics and disease
复制标题
从精神到阴谋？
DOI：
10.1111/1467-8322.12589
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Aytalina Ivanova
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Stammler;Aytalina Ivanova
这篇文章说明了西西伯利亚的一个驯鹿牧民群体-亚马尔-涅涅茨人如何将最近发生的一系列自然灾害视为一场阴谋，即由牧民无法控制的邪恶人类力量造成的。最近在全球新冠肺炎疫情高峰期间进行的实地调查是这一观察的触发点。他们对自己生活方式的健壮性和他们在自然环境中的嵌入性的自信是如此强烈，以至于亚马尔-涅涅茨游牧民族相信只有邪恶的力量-而不是自然-可以阻止他们移动的。除了新型冠状病毒肺炎，他们还将自然灾害的严重后果，如牧场结冰、相关的驯鹿饥饿和炭疽病的爆发，解释为人为试图减少冻土带上的人和动物数量。他们将这些灾难归咎于人类，这是在该地区迄今未见的天然气工业发展的背景下发生的。这种解释可能成为改变偏远土著居民对世界的看法的一种普遍模式，因为他们被剥夺了曾经习惯的萨满教与神灵的对话。
This article illustrates how the Yamal-Nenets, a group of reindeer pastoralists in West Siberia, perceive a series of recent natural disasters to be connected to one another through a conspiracy – i.e. caused by the agency of malevolent human forces which are beyond the pastoralists’ control. Recent fieldwork during the peak of the global Covid-19 epidemic served as a trigger for this observation. Their self-confidence in the robustness of their lifestyle and their embeddedness within their natural environment is so strong that Yamal-Nenets nomads believe only evil forces – not nature – can stop them from being mobile. Alongside Covid-19, they interpret the severe consequences of natural disasters, such as iced pastures, related reindeer starvation and the outbreak of anthrax as man-made attempts to reduce the number of people and animals in the tundra. The blame they place on humans for these disasters takes place in the context of hitherto unseen gas industry developments in the area. Such interpretations may become a general pattern for changing perceptions of the world by remote indigenous populations when deprived of their once customary shamanic dialogue with the spirits.