Actor-centred power: The driving force in decentralised community based forest governance
Actor-centred power: The driving force in decentralised community based forest governance
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DOI：
10.1016/j.forpol.2013.04.012
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发表时间：
2014-12-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Aurenhammer, Helene
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krott, Max;Bader, Axel;Aurenhammer, Helene
社区林业被描述为一种分散的森林治理模式，仅部分达到其期望。据报告，重要行为者滥用社区林业办法谋取私利的权力是取得全面成功的主要障碍。因此，本文的目的是开发一个分析，理论为基础的和经验适用的框架，评估一个行动者的权力使用社区林业作为一个说明性的案例。以行为者为中心的权力办法分析旨在对谁是社区林业实践中政治上最有权力的行为者这一问题提供科学的答案。在利用权力理论的适当组成部分时，它强烈地建立在行动者的社会关系、组织方面和权力来源之上，正如韦伯、达尔、埃齐奥尼及其追随者所描述的那样。行动者中心权力取向是指行动者A在不认可行动者B意愿的情况下改变行动者B行为的一种社会关系。在我们的框架中，我们区分了三个核心要素：胁迫，（反）激励和主导信息。这些构成了可观察到的事实的基础，这些事实不仅涉及实际行动，而且还涉及权力要素及其来源的威胁。理论上的考虑表明，尽管关注的焦点是行为者，但通过观察他们的权力来源，相当一部分结构性权力可以更有形，至少部分是这样，如规则，话语或意识形态。此外，本文还说明了以行为者为中心的权力办法如何将权力与对森林管理的其他影响区分开来，并有助于在经验基础上确定一组有影响力的行为者。由于重点放在行动者和明确界定和可观察的权力要素上，以行动者为中心的权力办法不仅可以作为研究的基础，而且可以作为快速评估权力网络的工具，为实际设计森林政策提供宝贵的初步信息。(C)2013爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Community forestry has been described as a decentralised mode of forest governance that only partly lives up to its expectations. The power of important actors to misuse the community forestry approach for their self-interests has been reported as a major obstacle to comprehensive success. Hence, this article aims at developing an analytical, theory-based and empirically applicable framework for assessing an actor's power using community forestry as an illustrative case. The actor-centred power approach (ACP) analysis aims to provide a scientific answer to the question of who are the politically most powerful actors in community forestry practices. In making use of suitable components of power theories it builds strongly upon the social relations of actors, organisational aspects and power sources, as described by Weber, Dahl, Etzioni and their adherents. Actor-centred power approach (ACP) is defined as a social relationship in which actor A alters the behaviour of actor B without recognising B's will. In our framework we distinguish between three core elements: coercion, (dis-)incentives and dominant information. These make up the basis for observable facts that involve not only physical actions but also threats by power elements and the very sources of said power elements. Theoretical considerations show that, despite the focus being on actors, by looking to their power sources a considerable part of structural power can be more tangible at least in part, like rules, discourse or ideologies. Furthermore, the paper shows how the actor-centred power approach distinguishes power from other influences on forest management and contributes to the identification of the group of powerful actors on an empirical basis. Due to the focus on actors and well-defined and observable elements of power, the actor-centred power approach (ACP) could serve not only as a basis for research but also as a tool for quick assessment of power networks, delivering valuable preliminary information for designing forest policy in practice. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.