Fully-sampled phylogenies of squamates reveal evolutionary patterns in threat status
Fully-sampled phylogenies of squamates reveal evolutionary patterns in threat status
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2016.03.039
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Pyron, R. Alexander
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tonini, Joao Filipe Riva;Beard, Karen H.;Pyron, R. Alexander
在整个生命之树中，多样化和人为灭绝风险的宏观进化率差异很大。这导致物种之间进化独特性（艾德）和威胁状态的高度异质性分布。我们研究的系统发育分布的艾德和威胁状态的有鳞动物（两栖类，蜥蜴和蛇）使用完全采样的atrigenies包含9574种和专家为基础的估计的威胁状态类似的4000种。我们要问的是，受威胁物种的亲缘关系是否比预期的更近，高风险物种在整个进化史中是否占了不成比例的比例。我们发现，目前评估的威胁状态是在广泛的水平上在有鳞目动物中的遗传学聚类，这表明评估受威胁谱系的近亲的灭绝风险是至关重要的。我们的研究结果表明，威胁状态和艾德之间没有联系，这表明未来的预防可能不会导致不成比例的进化史损失。退化热带地区的落叶松（例如，马达加斯加、印度、澳大利亚和西印度群岛）似乎特别危险。在亚马逊、婆罗洲和巴布亚新几内亚等地区，受威胁的高ED物种数量较少，这可能是由于缺乏足够的风险评估。我们似乎还没有达到影响大多数物种的灭绝风险的临界点; 63%的评估物种没有受到威胁，56%的物种是最不受关注的。尽管如此，我们的研究结果表明，立即的努力应该集中在壁虎，鬣蜥和变色龙，占67%的高ED受威胁物种和57%的未评估的高ED谱系。(C)2016爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有
Macroevolutionary rates of diversification and anthropogenic extinction risk differ vastly throughout the Tree of Life. This results in a highly heterogeneous distribution of Evolutionary distinctiveness (ED) and threat status among species. We examine the phylogenetic distribution of ED and threat status for squamates (amphisbaenians, lizards, and snakes) using fully-sampled phylogenies containing 9574 species and expert-based estimates of threat status for similar to 4000 species. We ask whether threatened species are more closely related than would be expected by chance and whether high-risk species represent a disproportionate amount of total evolutionary history. We found currently-assessed threat status to be phylogenetically clustered at broad level in Squamata, suggesting it is critical to assess extinction risks for close relatives of threatened lineages. Our findings show no association between threat status and ED, suggesting that future extinctions may not result in a disproportionate loss of evolutionary history. Lizards in degraded tropical regions (e.g., Madagascar, India, Australia, and the West Indies) seem to be at particular risk. A low number of threatened high-ED species in areas like the Amazon, Borneo, and Papua New Guinea may be due to a dearth of adequate risk assessments. It seems we have not yet reached a tipping point of extinction risk affecting a majority of species; 63% of the assessed species are not threatened and 56% are Least Concern. Nonetheless, our results show that immediate efforts should focus on geckos, iguanas, and chameleons, representing 67% of high-ED threatened species and 57% of Unassessed high-ED lineages. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.