Lipreading, processing speed, and working memory in younger and older adults.
Lipreading, processing speed, and working memory in younger and older adults.
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DOI：
10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0137
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发表时间：
2009-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sommers MS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Feld JE;Sommers MS
研究几种认知和知觉能力——包括工作记忆（WM）、信息处理速度（PS）、知觉闭合和知觉脱嵌技能——作为导致唇读表现个体差异的因素，并研究预测变量的模式如何在不同年龄组之间变化。 43 名年轻人（平均年龄 = 20.8 岁，SD = 2.4）和 38 名老年人（平均年龄 = 76.8 岁，SD = 5.6）完成了测量唇读能力、言语 WM、空间 WM (SWM)、PS 和感知能力的任务。与老年人相比，年轻人表现出优越的唇读能力和感知能力。此外，年轻的参与者比年长的参与者表现出更长的 WM 跨度和更快的 PS。 SWM 和 PS 解释了年轻人和老年人唇读能力差异的很大一部分，并且预测变量的模式在不同年龄组中保持一致。这些发现表明，唇读能力的巨大个体差异可以部分地通过 SWM 和 PS 的个体差异来解释。此外，由于众所周知，这两种能力都会随着年龄的增长而下降，因此研究结果表明，这两种能力中的一种或两种与年龄相关的损伤可能是老年人唇读能力比年轻人差的原因。
To examine several cognitive and perceptual abilities—including working memory (WM), information processing speed (PS), perceptual closure, and perceptual disembedding skill—as factors contributing to individual differences in lipreading performance and to examine how patterns in predictor variables change across age groups. Forty-three younger adults (mean age = 20.8 years, SD = 2.4) and 38 older adults (mean age = 76.8 years, SD = 5.6) completed tasks measuring lipreading ability, verbal WM, spatial WM (SWM), PS, and perceptual abilities. Younger adults demonstrated superior lipreading ability and perceptual skills compared with older adults. In addition, younger participants exhibited longer WM spans and faster PS than did the older participants. SWM and PS accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in lipreading ability in both younger and older adults, and the pattern of predictor variables remained consistent over age groups. These findings suggest that the large individual variability in lipreading ability can be explained, in part, by individual differences in SWM and PS. Furthermore, as both of these abilities are known to decline with age, the findings suggest that age-related impairments in either or both of these abilities may account for the poorer lipreading ability of older compared with younger adults.