Exploring Central Government Assistance for Urban Public Transport: A Mobility-Based Social Exclusion Perspective
Exploring Central Government Assistance for Urban Public Transport: A Mobility-Based Social Exclusion Perspective
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DOI：
10.3141/2581-19
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发表时间：
2016-05
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Ye Li;Haopeng Deng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ye Li;Haopeng Deng
中国中央政府对公共交通的援助不足，很大程度上是由于传统的基于系统的政策视角，这种视角通常过分强调公共交通是一种市政基础设施，而不是一种社会包容机制。在此背景下，提供了一个新的见解的理由和平等的中央政府援助该国的公共交通服务。通过使用社会排斥的方法，这项研究强调了中央政府有义务坚持每个公民的流动性，以减轻基于流动的社会排斥。在这一前提下，有人认为，城市公共交通的主要功能是为所有公民提供负担得起的交通安全网，因此必然需要财政援助。此外，还建立了一种供决策者估算中央政府援助金额的方法，以确保所有城市居民都在基本流动线以上。根据案例分析，中央政府对公共交通的援助金额估计为每年148亿日元（2010年1日元= 1.48美元），与其他中央政府转移支付相比，这一估计被认为是适当的融资水平。关于财政援助的分配，文件提出了各种简单的标准和公式，其基础是公共交通服务的需求与供应之间的差距，即需求与供应之间的差距指数。
China’s insufficient assistance by the central government for public transport is largely due to the traditional system-based policy perspective, which usually overemphasizes public transport as a municipal infrastructure rather than as a mechanism for social inclusion. Within this context, a new insight into the rationale and equality of central government assistance for the country’s public transport service is offered. By using a social exclusion approach, this study highlighted the obligation of the central government to adhere to mobility for every citizen so as to mitigate mobility-based social exclusion. On this premise, it is argued that urban public transport necessarily merits financial assistance given its primary function as a safety net of affordable mobility for all citizens. Furthermore, a method for policy makers to estimate the amount of central government assistance is established that could ensure that all urban residents are above the basic mobility line. With reference to a case study, the amount of central government assistance for public transport is estimated to be ¥14.8 billion annually (¥1 = $0.148 in 2010); this estimate is considered to be the proper level of financing compared with other central government transfer payments. With regard to the allocation of this fiscal assistance, the paper proposes various simple criteria and formulas, the basis of which are the gaps between need and provision in public transport service as measured by the index of disparity between needs and provision.