Assessing the water quality impacts of two Category-5 hurricanes on St. Thomas, Virgin Islands
Assessing the water quality impacts of two Category-5 hurricanes on St. Thomas, Virgin Islands
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DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2019.115440
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发表时间：
2020-03-15
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Kellogg, Christina A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jiang, Sunny C.;Han, Muyue;Kellogg, Christina A.
管理水传播和与水有关的疾病是飓风引起的自然灾害发生后最关键的因素之一。这项研究的目的是查明水质受损情况，以便确定飓风后救济的优先次序，并指导今后关于备灾和救济行政的决定。2017年，“厄玛”和“玛丽亚”接连袭击了美属维尔京群岛的圣托马斯，受灾地区一恢复，就进行了实地调查。从个人家庭雨水池、沿海海洋和街道表面径流中收集水样以测定微生物浓度。利用下一代测序技术对样品进行微生物群落结构和潜在人类病原体发生情况的调查。采用环介导等温扩增法检测粪便指示菌粪肠球菌。结果表明，粪便指示菌和军团菌遗传标记在水样中普遍存在，但浓度较低。22份样本中军团菌阳性86%，志贺氏埃希菌阳性82%。超过68%的雨池和60%的沿海水域检出粪肠球菌（n = 20）。沿海水样的微生物群落组成与蓄水池水和径流水有显著差异。虽然细菌属水平的鉴定不是人类病原体的直接证据，但我们的研究结果表明，为了保护人类健康，需要对水箱水质进行更多的有组织的关注，并在自然灾害发生前采取准备和预防措施。(C) 2019作者。Elsevier Ltd.出版。
Managing waterborne and water-related diseases is one of the most critical factors in the aftermath of hurricane-induced natural disasters. The goal of the study was to identify water-quality impairments in order to set the priorities for post-hurricane relief and to guide future decisions on disaster preparation and relief administration. Field investigations were carried out on St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands as soon as the disaster area became accessible after the back-to-back hurricane strikes by Irma and Maria in 2017. Water samples were collected from individual household rain cisterns, the coastal ocean, and street-surface runoffs for microbial concentration. The microbial community structure and the occurrence of potential human pathogens were investigated in samples using next generation sequencing. Loop mediated isothermal amplification was employed to detect fecal indicator bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis. The results showed both fecal indicator bacteria and Legionella genetic markers were prevalent but were low in concentration in the water samples. Among the 22 cistern samples, 86% were positive for Legionella and 82% for Escherichia-Shigella. Enterococcus faecalis was detected in over 68% of the rain cisterns and in 60% of the coastal waters (n = 20). Microbial community composition in coastal water samples was significantly different from cistern water and runoff water. Although identification at bacterial genus level is not direct evidence of human pathogens, our results suggest cistern water quality needs more organized attention for protection of human health, and that preparation and prevention measures should be taken before natural disasters strike. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.