Selection of denning habitats by Scandinavian brown bears Ursus arctos
Selection of denning habitats by Scandinavian brown bears Ursus arctos
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DOI：
10.2981/0909-6396(2008)14
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Ball, John P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elfstrom, Marcus;Swenson, Jon E.;Ball, John P.
我们分析了北欧棕熊对丹宁栖息地的选择，并测试了性别和年龄是否存在差异。在景观方面，利用地理信息系统分析了1990-2000年期间瑞典中南部使用的250个洞穴周围500米半径范围内的植被类型。成分分析(CA)被用来测试熊是否选择或避开了丹宁的某些栖息地类型。不同年龄和性别的熊在栖息地选择上的差异相对较小。总体而言，熊在丹宁栖息地的选择上表现出明显的偏好；选择开阔的树冠(樟子松)林和土壤湿润、植被丰富的栖息地，在封闭式树冠(老挪威云杉冷杉和樟子松)森林、幼林和皆伐林、山地针叶林和沼泽之前选择。丹宁熊躲避水，高山桦树林，落叶林，泥炭，裸露的基岩和砾石坑。在海拔较低、东向和陡峭的坡度上，熊市比可获得的更多。此外，熊避开中等大小的道路，可能是因为它们是人类干扰的来源，提供了冬季通达的便利(因为它们被犁过)和相对较高的交通强度。
We analyse the selection of denning habitats by Scandinavian brown bears Ursus arctos and test if there are differences related to sex and age. At the landscape level, the vegetation types within a 500-m radius around 250 dens used during 1990-2000 in south-central Sweden were analysed using a Geographical Information System (GIS). Compositional analysis (CA) was used to test if bears selected or avoided certain habitat types for denning. There were relatively few differences in habitat selection among bears of different age or sex. Overall, as a group the bears showed distinct preferences in selection of denning habitats; selecting for open canopy (Scots pine Pinus sylvestris) forests and habitats with moist soil with rich vegetation, before closed canopy (older Norway spruce Picea abies and Scots pine) forests, young forest and clear cuts, mountain coniferous forests and bogs. Denning bears avoided water, alpine mountain-birch forest, deciduous forest, peat, exposed bedrock and gravel pits. Bears denned more on lower altitudes, easterly aspects and steeper slopes than was available. Furthermore, bears avoided intermediate-size roads, perhaps because they are the source of human disturbance, providing a combination of easy winter access (because they are ploughed) and relatively high traffic intensity.