Continuous measurements of air change rates in an occupied house for 1 year: The effect of temperature, wind, fans, and windows
Continuous measurements of air change rates in an occupied house for 1 year: The effect of temperature, wind, fans, and windows
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DOI：
10.1038/sj.jea.7500229
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发表时间：
2002-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Howard-Reed, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wallace, LA;Emmerich, SJ;Howard-Reed, C
为了确定温度、风速、排气扇的使用和开窗行为的影响，对一所有人居住的房屋进行了长达一年的空气换气率调查。通过周期性地将示踪气体(SF6)注入回风管道，并利用配备电子捕获检测器的气相色谱仪每分钟连续测量10个室内位置的浓度来计算换气率。还测量了室外和10个室内地点的温度。在室外和5个室内位置每隔5分钟测量相对湿度(RH)，利用安装在屋顶上的便携式气象站测量水平面上的风速和风向。自动记录恒温器控制的阁楼风扇的使用情况。室内温度从冬天的21摄氏度上升到夏天的27摄氏度。室内相对湿度在同一时间段从20%增加到70%。窗户在冬天只有百分之几的时间是开着的，但在夏天有一半以上的时间是开的。根据测量的示踪气体衰减率计算出约4600小时的平均换气率。平均SD为0.65(0.56)h(-1)。不同房间的示踪气体衰减率非常相似，仅为0.62~0.67h(-1)，表明全年的条件很好地混合在一起。对换气率影响最大的是开窗，这可以使换气率在较长时间内增加到2小时(-1)，在几个小时的短时间内增加到3小时(-1)。阁楼风扇的使用还使换气率增加了多达1小时(-1)。加热炉风机的使用对换风率没有影响。虽然室内室外温差的影响很明显，但其幅度相对较小，30摄氏度(54华氏度)的很大温差导致空气换气率增加了约0.6h(-1)。风速和风向对这座房子的换气率影响很小。
A year-long investigation of air change rates in an occupied house was undertaken to establish the effects of temperature, wind velocity, use of exhaust fans, and window-opening behavior. Air change rates were calculated by periodically injecting a tracer gas (SF6) into the return air duct and measuring the concentration in 10 indoor locations sequentially every minute by a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. Temperatures were also measured outdoors and in the 10 indoor locations. Relative humidity (RH) was measured outdoors and in five indoor locations every 5 min, Wind speed and direction in the horizontal plane were measured using a portable meteorological station mounted on the rooftop. Use of the thermostat-controlled attic fan was recorded automatically. Indoor temperatures increased from 21degreesC in winter to 27degreesC in summer. Indoor RH increased from 20% to 70% in die same time period. Windows were open only a few percent of the time in winter but more than half the time in summer. About 4600 hour-long average air change rates were calculated from the measured tracer gas decay rates. The mean (SD) rate was 0.65 (0.56) h(-1). Tracer gas decay rates in different rooms were very similar, ranging only from 0.62 to 0.67 h(-1), suggesting that conditions were well mixed throughout the year. The strongest influence on air change rates was opening windows, which could increase the rate to as much as 2 h(-1) for extended periods, and up to 3 h(-1) for short periods of a few hours. The use of the attic fan also increased air change rates by amounts up to 1 h(-1). Use of the furnace fan had no effect on air change rates. Although a clear effect of indoors outdoor temperature difference could be discerned, its magnitude was relatively small, with a very large temperature difference of 30degreesC (54 F) accounting for an increase in the air change rate of about 0.6 h(-1). Wind speed and direction were found to have very little influence on air change rates at this house.